Karolo ea aluminium e romelloang kantle e batla e tsitsitse, e tsepamisitsoe haholo Vietnam le United States

E anngoeng ke pholisi ea phokotso ea lekhetho la kantle ho naha, thepa ea naha ea heso e romelloang kantle ho naha ea lihlahisoa tsa aluminium haholo-holo ke lihlahisoa tsa aluminium, tse ka aroloa ka ho khetheha ka aluminium e sa sebetsoang, lisebelisoa tsa aluminium (ho kenyeletsoa lipoleiti tsa aluminium, likhoele tsa aluminium, profil ea aluminium, foil ea aluminium, joalo-joalo, haholo-holo semi- lihlahisoa tse felileng), lihlahisoa tsa tšepe tsa aluminium le tse ling. Ka 2017, naha ea heso e ile ea romela lithane tse limilione tse 4.79 tsa lihlahisoa tsa aluminium, e leng keketseho ea 4.5% selemo le selemo. Ho tsamaellana le kakaretso ea theko ea FOB ea ho romela kantle ea US$2805.8/ton, kakaretso ea premium ho ea LME spot price ke US$1,200/ton, 'me sekhahla sa premium se tloaelehileng ke 74%. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, palo ea thepa ea aluminium naheng ea heso e eketsehile ka potlako ka ho atolosoa ha matla a tlhahiso ea aluminium ea mantlha, 'me mokhoa oa kholo o ntse o tšoana. Ka 2017, palo ea thepa ea aluminium ea naha ea heso e ne e feta habeli ea 2011, e fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 4.79, mme boleng ba kantle ho naha bo fihlile ho 13.9 bilione. Dollar. Ho tloha 2012, lihlahisoa tsa aluminium li 'nile tsa ikarabella bakeng sa 13% -15% ea tlhahiso ea mantlha ea aluminium, e batlang e tsitsitse.

thepa ea naha ea heso e romelloang kantle ho naha ea aluminium haholo-holo e kenyelletsa likhoele tsa aluminium, lithupa tsa aluminium le lifola tsa aluminium. Har'a tsona, lipoleiti tsa aluminium le li-strip li etsa hoo e ka bang 40% ea kakaretso ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha, lintlha tsa aluminium rod profiles ke 30%, aluminium foil account bakeng sa 25%, 'me mefuta e setseng e etsa kakaretso ea 5%. Ho ea ka pono ea histori, karo-karolelano ena ea kabo e ntse e tsitsitse, empa ho tloha ka 2017, karolo ea lipoleiti le lihlopha tsa aluminium e eketsehile hoo e ka bang 50%, 'me karolo ea litlaleho tsa aluminium e fokotsehile haholo. Sebopeho sa libaka se tsepamisitsoe, 'me United States le Vietnam li ikarabella ka karolo e batlang e phahame. Kabelo ya thomelontle ya aluminium ya naha ya heso mmarakeng wa kgwebo ya matjhaba e ntse e eketseha selemo le selemo, mme ha jwale e feta 50%. Ka 2016, 18% ea lihlahisoa tsa aluminium tsa naha ea heso li ile tsa romelloa Amerika Leboea, 10% ea romelloa Europe, 'me 37% ea romelloa Asia Bochabela le Asia Boroa-bochabela. Mabapi le linaha tse fapaneng, libaka tse peli tse ka sehloohong tsa thepa ea aluminium ea naha ea heso ka 2016 e ne e le Vietnam le United States, e leng karolo ea 14.6% le 13.6% ea thepa eohle e romelloang kantle ho naha, ka ho latellana. Dinaha tse 15 tse ka hodimodimo ho diyantle di bile le karolo ya 66% ya kakaretso ya diyantle. Sebopeho sa lebatowa sa thomello se batla se tsepame.

Ho latela pono ea sebopeho sa kantle sa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng, libaka tse kholo tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-export tsa aluminium li fapane. Ho ea ka pono ea 2016, sebaka sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sa ho romela thepa ea aluminium le li-profiles ke Vietnam. Ka 2016, naha ea heso e ile ea romela lithane tse 510,000 tsa li-profiles tsa aluminium le rod ho Vietnam, e leng makhetlo a 10 ho feta palo ea thepa ea thepa ea Philippines; United States le Korea Boroa ke naha ea heso Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ho romelloa ha aluminium sheet le strip, ka 2016, naha ea heso e ile ea romela lithane tse 360,000 tsa aluminium sheet le strip ho United States le lithane tse 110,000 ho Korea Boroa; United States le India ke libaka tse ka sehloohong tseo naha ea heso e eang ho tsona bakeng sa ho romelloa kantle ho naha ea heso ea foil foil. Ka 2016, naha ea heso e ile ea romela lithane tse 168,000 tsa foil ea aluminium United States. E rometse lithane tse 127,000 ho ea India. Ka kakaretso, libaka tse romelloang kantle ho naha tsa mefuta e meraro ea mantlha ea lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li batla li tsepame.

Litlhahiso tsa Indasteri: Leano + Phatlalatsa + Sehlahisoa

Kakaretso ea thomello ea aluminium le lihlahisoa tsa eona naheng ea heso e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e mene ea histori: mohato oa pele pele ho mathata a lichelete a lefats'e ka 2008 (pele ho 2008), e neng e khetholloa ke ho fetoha ha theko le ho eketseha butle ha bophahamo ba thepa; le boemo ba ho hlaphoheloa ka potlako ka mor'a mathata a lichelete (2009-2010), tšobotsi e ka sehloohong ke ho phahama ka potlako ha theko e tsamaeang le theko ea thepa, le khōlo e potlakileng ea molumo oa thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling; mohato o tsitsitseng oa ho atolosa ka mor'a mathata a lichelete (2011-2015), tšobotsi e ka sehloohong ke ho boloka litheko tse tsitsitseng, molumo Ka keketseho e tsitsitseng ea tlhokahalo ea aluminium; le nako ea morao tjena ea ho theoha ha theko le ho phahama ha molumo (2016-hona joale), ho kena ka 2017, karolelano ea theko ea thomello ea aluminium le lihlahisoa tsa eona naheng ea heso e potlakile 'me bophahamo ba thepa e tsoang kantle bo ntse bo batla bo tsitsitse. Lebaka ke hore ntle le mekhoa ea moruo o moholo le phepelo le tlhoko ea lihlahisoa tse ngata, thepa ea aluminium ea naha ea heso e angoa haholo ke maano, litšenyehelo, sebopeho sa sehlahisoa, le boleng bo eketsehileng. Ho sekaseka liphetoho tsa lintlha tsena tse tharo ho tla thusa ho utloisisa 'maraka oa naha ea heso o romelloang kantle ho naha ea heso. Mabaka a histori le mekhoa ea nako e tlang.

Ka lebaka la ho angoa ke leano la kantle ho naha, aluminium ea naha ea heso le lihlahisoa tsa eona li romelloa haholo kantle ho naha ho tsoa aluminium. Ka 2005, naha ya heso e ile ya hlakola phokotso ya 8% ya lekgetho la diyantle bakeng sa aluminium e sa sebetswang mme ya nyollela ditefiso tsa yona ho ya ho 15% ka 2016. Ka 2008, e le ho matlafatsa tshepo ya diyantle tsa aluminium, naha ya heso e ile ya kgutlisa puseletso ya lekgetho la diyantle tsa aluminium mme ya phahamisa sekhahla sa lekhetho ho isa ho 13%. E ile ea qholotsa potoloho ea pele ea kholo e potlakileng ea 'maraka oa kantle ho naha oa aluminium. Ho tloha ka 2008 ho isa 2009, karolo ea thepa ea aluminium ea naha ea heso e ile ea nyolohela ho 60%.

Hajoale, hoo e ka bang lihlahisoa tsohle tsa aluminium naheng ea heso ntle le foil ea aluminium li natefeloa ke phokotso ea lekhetho la boleng bo ekelitsoeng ba boleng ba 13%, 'me lihlahisoa tsohle tsa foil tsa aluminium li natefeloa ke phokotso ea lekhetho la boleng bo ekelitsoeng ba boleng ba 15%, 'me ha ho lekhetho le lefisoang kantle ho naha. Pholisi e khethehileng ea ho romela kantle ho naha ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse tšehetsang kholo ea thepa ea aluminium ea naha ea heso ka nako e telele. Ka lebaka la hore indasteri ya dihlahiswa tsa aluminium hajwale e tlasa kgatello ya phokotseho ya thepa, mme phaello e felletseng ya diyantle e kahara 10%, phokotso ya lekgetho la diyantle ha e le hantle e maemong a ho hloka phaello ka mora ho fediswa ha phokotso ya lekgetho la diyantle. Ho lebeletsoe hore leano la puseletso ea lekhetho le tla tsoelapele nakong e khutšoanyane. Ka nako e ts'oanang, joalo ka mofuta oa naha ea heso o tsepamisitsoeng haholo oa lipatlisiso le kotlo, thomello ea lihlahisoa tsa aluminium e angoa haholo ke maano a kantle ho naha a khahlanong le ho lahla. Ho tloha ka 2015, United States, Australia, India le linaha tse ling li eketsehile haholo makhetlo a ho qala lipatlisiso tsa khoebo le ho otla lihlahisoa tsa aluminium tsa Chaena, 'me mefuta ea lihlahisoa tse koahetsoeng e se e pharalletse. Ho tloha khale, ha US e ne e etsa mehato e khahlanong le ho lahla litlaleho tsa aluminium Chaena ka 2011 'me e qala lipatlisiso mabapi le khoebo ea aluminium foil le naha ea heso ka 2017, lihlahisoa tsa Chaena li ne li e-na le karolo e fetang 65% ea karolo ea' maraka ea thepa ea lehae, e leng bohlokoa bakeng sa. thepa ea aluminium ea naha ea heso ho ea linaheng tse shebiloeng ka nako e khuts'oane. Bohle ba bile le tšusumetso e itseng. Har'a bona, khahlanong le ho lahla ka 2011 ka ho toba ho bakile ho theoha ha 38% ho palo ea thepa ea thepa ea lihlahisoa tsa China le Amerika. Bophahamo ba thepa ea aluminium ea naha ea heso bo ntse bo eketseha ka nako e ts'oanang le tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa aluminium. Ho tloha ka 2011, palo ea khoeli le khoeli ea thomello ea aluminium ea khoeli le khoeli e fetohile pakeng tsa 7% le 10%. Phetoho ena e angoa haholo ke liphapang tsa theko ea lapeng le kantle ho naha, e leng eona e amang theko e lekanyelitsoeng le tlholisano ea 'maraka ea thepa ea kantle ea aluminium. Theko ea tlhahiso ea aluminium naheng ea heso e khethoa ke litšenyehelo tsa aluminium ea mantlha le litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa ka aluminium. Nakong e fetileng, litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa e ne e le tsa bobeli 'me ha lia ka tsa fetoha haholo. Ka hona, bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse ling tsa Sechaena tse nang le matla a ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse holimo le tse tlaase, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea aluminium li khethoa haholo-holo ka Theko ea tlhahiso ea aluminium e ka sehloohong e khethoa. Lilemong tse peli tse fetileng, melemo ea litšenyehelo e fokotsehile ka lebaka la ho phahama ho tsoelang pele ha theko ea mashala a malapeng.

Sebopeho sa sehlahisoa le boleng bo ekelitsoeng li na le tšusumetso e tiileng mabapi le botsitso ba theko ea thepa ea aluminium le phaello ea likhoebo tsa tlhahiso. Nakong ea ho theoha ha boleng ba renminbi, theko ea aluminium e theohile ho isa bohōleng bo itseng. Mabapi le mefuta, theko ea thepa e fapaneng ea aluminium le mekhoa ea bona ea ho fetoha ha theko e fapane. Ka ho ela hloko tefo ea theko ea RMB ea aluminium e romelloang kantle ho theko ea SHFE, ho ka fumanoa hore ho tloha ka 2017, lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho fokotseha ha theko ea thepa ea aluminium ke ho theoha ka potlako ha boleng ba sehlahisoa ka bosona. Ha boleng bo ekelitsoeng ba sehlahisoa bo phahame, ho theola kutlo ha theko le ho fetoha ha maemo. E nyane. Mabapi le letlapa le aluminium, ho tloha ho data ea naha ea heso ea thepa e romelloang United States, boleng bo ekelitsoeng ba thepa ea naha ea heso e romelloang kantle ho naha ea heso ea lakane le strip e tlase. Ka 2016, United States e ile ea reka kantle ho naha 38% ea kakaretso ea poleiti ea eona ea aluminium le thepa e tsoang China. Har'a linaha tse hlano tse ka sehloohong mabapi le bophahamo ba thepa ea thepa selemong seo, karolelano ea theko ea CIF ea poleiti ea aluminium le thepa e tsoang Chaena e ne e le tlaase ka ho fetisisa ho US $ 2,265 / ton feela. Kakaretso ea kakaretso ea theko ea CIF ea letlapa le strip la aluminium e tsoang kantle ho naha United States selemong seo e ne e le US$2,730/ton, e neng e le tlase ka 18%. Ka 2016, US e ile ea reka foil ea aluminium e tsoang kantle ho naha ho tsoa China e bile karolo ea 66% ea kakaretso ea eona ea thepa ea aluminium selemong seo. Har'a linaha tse hlano tse ka sehloohong tse rekang thepa, theko ea foil ea aluminium ea Chaena e ne e le tlaase, halofo feela ea ea Canada le Austria. Mabapi le litlaleho tsa aluminium, ka 2016, US e ile ea kenya ka ho toba litlaleho tsa aluminium tse tsoang naheng ea heso feela li ikarabella bakeng sa 3% ea kakaretso ea thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, ka theko e tloaelehileng ea US $ 4,794 / ton, e phahameng ho feta karolelano ea US $ 3,944 / ton. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho nahanoa hore palo e kholo ea litlaleho tsa aluminium tse rometsoeng ho tloha naheng ea heso ho ea Vietnam li romelloa hape 'marakeng oa US, theko e tloaelehileng ea litlaleho tsa aluminium tse tsoang linaheng tse ling tse tsoang Vietnam ke US $ 2943 / ton feela, e leng US $ 1,000 / boima ba lithane ho feta theko e tloaelehileng. Le hoja ho sa tiisehe hore Chaena Karolo ea lihlahisoa, empa ho na le bonnete ba hore lihlahisoa tsa Sechaena li ntse li le sebakeng sa theko e tlaase ka mor'a hore ho rekisoe hape khoebo.

Japane e boetse ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa aluminium ea naha ea heso le lihlahisoa tsa eona. Ho latela data ea kantle ho naha ea Japane, ka selemo sa 2016, thepa ea eona ea kantle ea profil ea aluminium le li-strip tsa aluminium tse tsoang Chaena e ne e sa fete 15% ea kakaretso ea thepa e tsoang kantle selemong seo. Bakeng sa lintho tsena tse peli, lihlahisoa tsa Sechaena li na le melemo e totobetseng ea theko. Ho feta 75% ea foil ea aluminium e tsoang kantle ho naha ea Japane e tsoa Chaena, 'me theko e tloaelehileng ea litloaelo tsa foil ea aluminium ea China e ka tlase ho halofo ea lihlahisoa tsa Korea tse tsoang kantle ho naha, e leng 1/7 feela ea lihlahisoa tsa Amerika tse tsoang kantle ho naha, tseo ha e le hantle li leng maemong a tlase. mmaraka.

Boiteko ba ho thibela ho lahla lintho bo matlafetse, li-export tsa nakoana li ka ameha ho isa bohōleng bo itseng

Ka March 2018, Mopresidente Trump oa United States o ile a phatlalatsa ts'ebetsong ea lekhetho le lecha la tšepe le aluminium, a rerile ho beha tefiso ea 25% ho tšepe e tsoang linaheng tse ling le lekhetho la 10% ho aluminium e tsoang linaheng tse ling. Ho ea ka nalane, ka Mmesa 2011, United States e ile ea qala ho qobella mesebetsi e khahlanong le ho lahla le mesebetsi e khahlanong le ho lahla liprofinse tsa naha ea heso tse tsoang kantle ho naha, 'me tlhahiso ea naha ea heso ho mekoallo le melamu ea Amerika e ile ea ema. Tekanyo ena e boetse e entse hore kakaretso ea thepa ea aluminium ea China ho la United States ka 2011 e theohe ka 38% selemo le selemo ha e bapisoa le 2010. E ne e se ho fihlela ka 2013 moo kakaretso ea thepa ea aluminium ea naha ea heso ho ea United States e ileng ea boela ea hōla. Letoto la mehato ea morao-rao e ikemiselitse ho boloka khatello e phahameng ho profaele ea aluminium ea naha ea heso. Ho tloha ka 2009, linaha tsa Bophirimela tse emetsoeng ke United States, European Union le Australia li ntse li tsoela pele ho qala lipatlisiso tse khahlanong le ho lahla le ho thibela lithuso mabapi le lihlahisoa tsa aluminium tse romelloang naheng ea heso, haholo-holo li shebile li-extrusions tsa aluminium, mabili a aluminium le lihlahisoa tse ling. Ho tloha ka 2015, palo ea linaha tse nkang karolo liphuputsong tse khahlanong le ho lahla le ho thibela lithuso mabapi le lihlahisoa tsa aluminium Chaena e eketsehile, 'me mefuta ea lihlahisoa tse koahetsoeng le eona e atolohile. Liketsahalo tse ka sehloohong li kenyelletsa: Ka 2015, India e ile ea qala lipatlisiso tse khahlanong le ho lahleheloa ke thepa khahlanong le foil ea aluminium ea Sechaena, 'me ea etsa qeto ea ho qetela ka March 2017. Ho kgothaletswa ho etsa qeto ea ho qetela ho lihlahisoa tsa Sechaena tse amehang nyeoeng eo, 'me ho khothalletsoa ho lefisa lekhetho la US$0.69-US$1.63 ho lihlahisoa tsa China tse amehang nyeoeng. /Kg ya mesebetsi e thibelang ho lahla. Ho elella bofelong ba 2016, India e ne e le naha ea heso ea bobeli e kholo ka ho fetisisa e romelang thepa ka ntle ea foil ea aluminium, 'me thepa ea aluminium e romelloang India ho ea India e bile karolo ea 12% ea kakaretso ea thepa eohle ea naha ea heso selemong seo. Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha mesebetsi e thibelang ho lahlwa ho tla eketsa theko ya ho qetela ya foil ya aluminium ya China e romellwang kantle ho naha ho tloha India ka 27% ho isa ho 62%, e leng se lebeletsweng ho fokodisa haholo molemo wa jwale wa theko le karolo ya mmaraka ya dihlahiswa tsa China.

Leano le lecha la lekhetho la tšepe le aluminium la US le boloka khatello e phahameng ho profilse ea China ea aluminium. Ka 2015, US e ile ea ahlola moeli o akaretsang oa 33.28% ho profil ea naha ea heso ea aluminium. Qetellong ea 2016, e ile ea etsa qeto ea hore lik'hamphani tse 9 tse amehang nyeoeng li tlas'a tekanyo e phahameng ea lekhetho e khahlanong le ho lahleheloa ke 86.01%. Ka 2017, ba ile ba boela ba etsa qeto ea hore ba tla boloka litefiso tsa bona ho profiles ea aluminium ea China nakong ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tsa tšenyo ea indasteri. Mehato ea hajoale e khahlanong le ho lahla le ho hanyetsa. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho tloha ka 2017, Korea Boroa le Brazil le tsona li kene moleng oa lipatlisiso tse khahlanong le ho lahla lihlahisoa tsa aluminium tsa China, 'me mefuta ea lihlahisoa e koahetse lipoleiti tsa photosensitive tsa aluminium esale pele, aluminium cookware, mabili alloy alloy le lihlahisoa tse ling. . Ka Phato 2016, Australia e ile ea qala lipatlisiso tse habeli mabapi le thepa ea aluminium ea Malaysia le Vietnamese. Qeto ea pele e entsoe ka October 2016, 'me qeto ea ho qetela e ile ea etsoa ka June 2017. Har'a bona, lipatlisiso tsa EastAsia Aluminium Company, MienHua Precision Mechanical, joalo-joalo ho Vietnam likhoebo tse tšehetsoeng ke lichelete tsa Chaena li entse likhato tse fapaneng tsa "anti-dumping margin". liqeto, tse kenyelletsang mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tse joalo ka liprofaele tsa molamu oa aluminium, likhoele tsa aluminium le masela a aluminium, 'me phello e ka ba lithane tse ka bang 10,000.

Ho ea ka pono ea nalane, maano a khale a khahlanong le ho lahla le ho loants'oa ha thepa a bile le tšusumetso e kholo ho palo ea thepa ea naha ea heso le karolo ea linaha tse neng li reretsoe, ka karolelano e fetang 30%. Ka nako e khuts'oane, letoto lena la matsapa a khahlanong le ho lahla ho tla eketsa tšireletso ea libaka tse ngata tse fapaneng le lihlahisoa tse ngata. Ho lebelletsoe hore e tla ama lithane tse ka bang 360,000 tsa letlapa la aluminium le ho hlobola ka kotloloho, ho kenyeletsoa lithane tse ka bang 500,000 tsa khoebo e romelloang hape, 'me chelete e amehang ke US $ 1.5 bilione. E tla ba le phello e itseng e mpe ho li-export tsa aluminium ho tloha 2018 ho ea ho 2019. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho nahanoa hore khaello ea hona joale ea aluminium lefatšeng ka bophara e thata ho fokotsa nako e khutšoanyane, 'me letlapa la aluminium le ho roala lihlahisoa tsa thepa ho United States haholo-holo ke maqephe a likoloi. , e ikarabellang bakeng sa karolo e batlang e phahame ea kakaretso ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha (ho feta 40%), phello ea bongata ba thepa e tsoang kantle le boleng ba thomello e lebelletsoe ho fokotsoa. .

Litšenyehelo tsa matla a ntseng a eketseha + likheo tse fokolang tsa theko, melemo ea aluminium e tlaase e fokotseha

Theko ea tlhahiso ea aluminium naheng ea heso e khethoa ke litšenyehelo tsa aluminium ea mantlha le litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa ka aluminium. Litsenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa ke tsa bobeli ebile li na le phetoho e nyane. Ka hona, bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse ling tsa Machaena tse nang le matla a ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse holimo le tse tlaase, theko ea tlhahiso ea aluminium e khethoa haholo-holo ka theko ea tlhahiso ea aluminium ea mantlha. Leha ho le joalo, litšenyehelo tse ka sehloohong tsa tlhahiso ea aluminium naheng ea heso li na le bothata ba sebopeho, 'me ho thata ho tšehetsa litheko tse tlase nako e telele. Ka ho khetheha, theko ea tlhahiso ea aluminium ea mantlha naheng ea heso e na le litšobotsi tse latelang. Ho ea ka boitsebiso ba Bloomberg, ka 2017, litšenyehelo tsa ho sebelisa motlakase oa marang-rang bakeng sa likhoebo tsa aluminium li ne li le ka karolelano ea 2700 yuan / ton (kapa US $ 400 / ton) ho feta ea motlakase o ikemetseng. Litšenyehelo tsa motlakase tsa lik'hamphani tsa aluminium tsa Chaena tse sebelisang li-account tsa motlakase tse iketselitseng tsona li lefella feela 31% ea litšenyehelo tsa bona tsa chelete, ha tse sebelisang motlakase oa marang-rang li etsa 5%. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lik'hamphani tsa aluminium tse sebelisang motlakase oa boipheliso li na le kakaretso ea phaello ea 3,115 yuan / tonne ho hlahisa aluminium ea mantlha ka 2017, ha lik'hamphani tse sebelisang motlakase oa marang-rang li batla li se na phaello ea phaello. Ha ho bapisoa le linaha tse ling le libaka tse ling tsa lefats'e, tšebeliso ea matla ka thane e le 'ngoe ea aluminium ea electrolytic e hlahisoang ke likhoebo tsa aluminium ea Chaena ke lihora tse 13,600 feela tsa kilowatt, e leng boemo bo botle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, haholo-holo ka lebaka la bokhoni bo bocha ba tlhahiso ea malapeng. Litšenyehelo tsa motlakase li etsa 35% -40% ea theko ea tlhahiso ea electrolytic aluminium. Hona joale, 30% ea aluminium ea electrolytic ea Chaena e hlahisoa ka matla a marang-rang, 'me lik'hamphani tsa aluminium tsa Chaena tse sebelisang matla a marang-rang li na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa motlakase lefatšeng. Lik'hamphani tsa aluminium tse sebelisang motlakase oa boipheliso li na le monyetla o fokolang ho feta Europe le United States ka karolelano, empa li tšoana le tsa Bochabela bo Hare. Karolelano e ntse e na le lekhalo le leholo. Ho ea ka likhakanyo tsa Rusal, litšenyehelo tsa motlakase oa marang-rang bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa aluminium tsa Chaena ho hlahisa 1 tonne ea electrolytic aluminium e ka bang US $ 900, e leng karolo ea 50% ea theko ea hona joale ea LME, ha litšenyehelo tsa Canada le linaheng tsa Gulf li ka ba ka tlaase ho US. $350. Ho phaella moo, molemo o fetileng oa theko ea motlakase oa lik'hamphani tsa aluminium tsa China o ne o tsoa ho mashala a theko e tlaase. Ka 2016, e khannoang ke ho fokotsa matla a mashala, theko ea mashala e ile ea phahama haholo, e leng se ileng sa phahamisa litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala bakeng sa motlakase o ikemetseng. Keketseho ea litheko tsa mashala e lebelletsoe ho phahamisa theko ea motlakase le ho feta. Tlas'a khatello e habeli ea ho fokotsa matla a tlhahiso ea mashala le ho khothaletsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ho phahama ha litšenyehelo tsa matla ho tla fetoha mokhoa. Hona joale, tlhahiso ea aluminium ea electrolytic ea naha ea heso e na le mehloli e 'meli feela ea motlakase: matla a metsi le matla a mocheso. Kakaretso ea theko ea motlakase oa metsi ke 0.2 yuan/kWh. Ha ho bapisoa le theko ea hona joale ea matla a futhumatsang ea 0.3 yuan/kWh, e na le melemo e hlakileng, empa karolo e batla e le tlase. Ke 10%.

Ho feta 90% ea alumina e sebelisoang naheng ea heso e iketselitse, 'me e ka tlaase ho 10% e romelloa linaheng tse ling. Mmarakeng oa lehae, ho na le phapang e nyane lipakeng tsa litheko tsa alumina ea lehae le alumina e tsoang kantle ho naha. Ka karolelano, theko ea alumina ea boemo ba pele e tsoang kantle ho naha ea Qingdao Port e ka holimo ho 100 yuan-200 yuan/ton ho feta alumina ea boemo ba pele ba malapeng. Ha ho bapisoa theko ea aluminium ea naha ea heso ho tloha 2010 ho ea ho 2015 le theko ea thekiso ea aluminium ea lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa aluminium lefatšeng, ho ka fumanoa hore theko ea aluminium ea malapeng e phahametse theko e tloaelehileng ea aluminium ea Alcoa le Rusal ka US $ 60-US $ 100 / ton. Mabapi le bauxite, hajwale 45% ya bauxite ya naha ya heso e fumanwa ka ho reka kantle ho naha, empa palohare ya theko ya ho reka kantle ke US$15/ton feela ho feta palohare ya theko mmarakeng wa lehae. E batla e baloa ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahiso ea 1 tonne ea aluminium ea electrolytic bakeng sa lithane tse ling le tse ling tse 5 tsa bauxite, ka tone. Theko ea thepa e tala ea aluminium electrolytic e eketsehile ka US$75/ton. Ka kakaretso, tlhahiso ea aluminium ea Chaena e na le moruo oa tekanyo 'me e na le melemo ea ho sebelisoa ha matla a motlakase, empa ho phahama ha theko ea matla le khatello ea tikoloho ho tla eketsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso. Likhamphani tsa aluminium tsa Middle East le Canada li ka boloka botsitso ba litšenyehelo tsa tsona le ho rua molemo ho fokotseng molemo oa theko ea lihlahisoa tsa China ka lebaka la melemo ea bona ea sebopeho sa litšenyehelo.

Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse ntseng li phahama tsa matla, melemo ea China ea mantlha ea tlhahiso ea aluminium e fokotsehile. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka keketseho e tsoelang pele ea tlhahiso ea aluminium e ka sehloohong ea naha ea heso, mokhoa oa ho fetoha ha litheko tsa aluminium tsa malapeng le tsa linaheng tse ling e se e ntse e tšoana le ho feta. Ha nako e ntse e ea, phapang ea theko pakeng tsa SHFE le LME e thata ho e boloka e le boemong bo phahameng, 'me fensetere ea arbitrage e kholo ea ho romela thepa e fokotsehile. Ha ho nahanoa hore ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa phapanyetsano le ho eketseha ha litšenyehelo tsa matla ho tla lebisa ho fokotseha ha melemo ea lihlahisoa tsa aluminium tsa malapeng, ka tekanyo ea phapanyetsano ea 6.5 le keketseho ea litšenyehelo tsa matla ka 10%, lihlahisoa tse nang le tefiso ea ho sebetsa. e fetang US$755/ton e na le phaello e tšepahalang le melemo ea kantle ho naha , Lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha tsa maemo a holimo li rua molemo pele.

Kopanya le sengoloa sena: Likhohlano tsa khoebo li ama thomello ea aluminium ea nakoana

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