Ho etsoa ha likarolo tse ngata tse sa lefelloeng tsa titanium alloy ho emela sehlohlolo sa theknoloji ea sejoale-joale ea tlhahiso, haholo indastering e kang ea sefofane, boenjiniere ba biomedical le likoloi, moo ho nepahala, ho ts'epahala le thepa ea thepa e leng bohlokoa haholo. Li-alloys tsa Titanium, tse tsebahalang ka tekanyo e phahameng ea boima ba 'mele, ho hanyetsa kutu, le botsitso ba mocheso, li baka mathata a maholo machining a taolo ea linomoro tsa komporo (CNC) ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle, matla a ho itšeha, le tšekamelo ea ho roala lisebelisoa. Ho rarahana ha libaka tse nang le mefuta e sa lefelloeng-tse khetholloang ke li-geometri tse sa tsitsang, tse sa hlophisehang-ho mpefatsa liphephetso tsena, ho hloka maano a tsoetseng pele a ho khetholla liphoso le ho ntlafatsa tsela ea lisebelisoa.

Ho tsebahatsa liphoso le lits'ebetso tsa ntlafatso ea 'mele li hlahile e le mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala le katleho ea CNC. ts'ebetso ea machininges bakeng sa libaka tse joalo. Tlhaloso ea phoso e kenyelletsa ho etsa mohlala le ho lefella liphoso tsa geometric, kinematic, thermal, le lisebelisoa tse amang ho nepahala ha mochine. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ntlafatso ea tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele, e sebelisa melao-motheo ea 'mele, thepa ea thepa, le matla a mochine ho hlahisa litsela tsa lisebelisoa tse fokotsang nako ea mochine, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba holimo. Mekhoa ena e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa li-alloys tsa titanium, moo maemo a machining a sa sebetseng hantle a ka lebisang ho se ts'epahaleng ha holimo, ho se nepahale ha maemo, le ho senyeha ha lisebelisoa ka potlako.

Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao mabapi le boitsebahatso ba phoso le ntlafatso ea tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele bakeng sa CNC lisebelisoa ea likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa titanium alloy free-form. E hlahloba metheo ea theory, mekhoa, netefatso ea liteko, le mekhoa e hlahang lefapheng lena, e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho fihlelleng ho nepahala le katleho e phahameng. Sengoliloeng se hlophisitsoe ka likarolo tse 'maloa, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e bua ka karolo e itseng ea lipatlisiso, e tšehetsoeng ke litafole tse qaqileng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea papiso.

Semelo le Bohlokoa

Li-alloys tsa Titanium ho Advanced Manufacturing

Li-alloys tsa Titanium, joalo ka Ti-6Al-4V le TC21, li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang hantle ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona e ikhethang ea mochini. Ti-6Al-4V, motsoako oa mekhahlelo e 'meli (α + β), ke motsoako oa titanium o sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa, o etsang hoo e ka bang 50% ea tlhahiso ea titanium lefatšeng ka bophara. Matla a eona a phahameng, boima bo tlase, le khanyetso e ntle ea kutu li e etsa hore e be e loketseng likarolo tsa sepakapaka joalo ka li-blade tsa turbine, li-airframe le li-implants tsa biomedical. Leha ho le joalo, conductivity ea eona e tlaase ea mocheso (hoo e ka bang 6.7 W / m·K ha e bapisoa le 43 W / m·K bakeng sa tšepe) e lebisa ho mocheso o phahameng oa ho itšeha, o potlakisang ho roala lisebelisoa le ho sekisetsa botšepehi ba holim'a metsi. TC21, motsoako o mocha oa matla a phahameng (Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr), e fana ka boima bo ntlafetseng empa e baka mathata a tšoanang a machining.

Ho sebetsa ha li-alloys tsa titanium ho thata ka tlhaho ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea bona e phahameng ea lik'hemik'hale, e bakang ho khomarela lisebelisoa tsa ho itšeha, le modulus ea bona e tlase ea elastic, e bakang ho kheloha ho hoholo ha lisebelisoa. Thepa ena e hloka taolo e nepahetseng ea liparamente tsa machining, joalo ka lebelo la ho itšeha, sekhahla sa phepelo, le botebo ba sehiloeng, ho fihlela sephetho se lakatsehang.

Libaka tse sa lefelloeng tsa Foromo le CNC Machining

Libaka tse sa lefelloeng, tse tsejoang hape e le libaka tse betliloeng, li hlalosoa ke li-geometri tse rarahaneng, tse sa hlahlojoeng tse ke keng tsa hlalosoa ka li-equations tse bonolo joaloka lifofane kapa li-cylinders. Hangata libaka tsena li emeloa ka ho sebelisa Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) kapa lintlha tsa leru la ntlha mekhoeng ea kajeno ea CAD/CAM. Liindastering tse kang aerospace, libaka tse sa lefelloeng li atile likarolong tse kang li-blade tsa turbine, li-impellers, le li-aerodynamic fairings, moo ho nepahala ha boholo le ho qeta holimo ho leng bohlokoa.

CNC machining, haholo-holo multi-axis (3- ho 5-axis) ke mokhoa oa mantlha oa ho etsa libaka tse sa lefelloeng. Litsamaiso tsa Multi-axis CNC li lumella ho fetoha le maemo ho hoholo ho tsamaiseng lithulusi le ho rala litsela, ho nolofalletsa ho etsoa ha lijeometri tse rarahaneng. Leha ho le joalo, likhato tse eketsehileng tsa tokoloho li hlahisa mehloli e eketsehileng ea phoso, ho kenyelletsa liphoso tsa kinematic (ka lebaka la ho se lumellane ha mochine oa axis), liphoso tsa geometri (ho tloha likarolong tse sa phethahalang tsa mochine), liphoso tsa mocheso (ho tloha molokong oa mocheso), le liphoso tsa ho kheloha ha lisebelisoa (ho tloha ho matla a ho itšeha).

Mathata ho Machining Titanium Alloy Free-Form Surfaces

Motsoako oa li-alloys tsa titanium le libaka tse sa lefelloeng li hlahisa mathata a ikhethang:

1. Mabotho a Phahameng a ho Seha le ho Apara lisebelisoa: Li-alloys tsa Titanium li hlahisa matla a phahameng a ho itšeha, a lebisang ho koaheloeng ha lisebelisoa ka potlako le ho hloleha ha lisebelisoa ho ka bang teng. Ka mohlala, matla a ho itšeha ha ho sila Ti-6Al-4V a ka feta 1000 N, e phahameng haholo ho feta lisebelisoa tsa aluminium.

2. Liphello Tsa Mocheso: Mocheso o tlase oa li-alloys tsa titanium o etsa hore mocheso o tsepamise maikutlo ho sebopeho sa sesebelisoa, 'me mocheso o fihla ho 1000 ° C, bophelo ba lisebelisoa le boleng bo holimo.

3. Mathata a Geometri: Libaka tse nang le mefuta e sa lefelloeng li hloka litsela tse rarahaneng tsa lisebelisoa, tse eketsang menyetla ea liphoso ka lebaka la ho kheloha ha litsela, ho phunya, kapa ho feta.

4. Ho bokella Phoso: Mechine e mengata ea li-axis e hlahisa liphoso tse bokellaneng ho tsoa mehloling e mengata, ho kenyeletsoa kinematics ea mochini, ho kheloha ha lisebelisoa, le deformation ea mocheso.

5. Botšepehi ba Bokahohle: Maemo a mabe a machining a ka lebisa ho bokooa ba holim'a metsi, joalo ka li-micro-cracks, khatello e setseng, kapa ho fokola ha holim'a metsi (Ra> 0.8 μm), tse sa amoheleheng bakeng sa likopo tse boima.

Ho sebetsana le liphephetso tsena, bafuputsi ba thehile boitsebahatso ba liphoso le mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele, e tšohloang ka botlalo likarolong tse latelang.

Tlhaloso ea Phoso ea Phetoho ho CNC Machining

Kakaretso ea Boitsebiso ba Phoso ea Phetoho

Ho tsebahatsa phoso ke mokhoa o fanang ka mehlala le ho lefella liphoso tsa machining a CNC ka ho hlahloba liphapang pakeng tsa litsela tsa lebitso (tse reriloeng) le lisebelisoa tsa sebele. Sepheo ke ho tseba mehloli ea phoso, ho lekanya phello ea bona, le ho sebelisa mehato ea ho lokisa ho finyella ho nepahala ha mochine o lakatsehang. Ts'ebetso ena e bohlokoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa libaka tse sa lefelloeng tsa titanium alloy, moo esita le ho kheloha ho honyenyane (mohlala, 10 μm) ho ka lebisang litabeng tsa bohlokoa tse sebetsang karolong ea ho qetela.

Mokhoa oa ho fetola phoso hangata o kenyelletsa mehato e meraro:

1. Error Modeling: Ho hlahisa mekhoa ea lipalo ho hlalosa liphoso tsa geometric, kinematic, thermal, le lisebelisoa tsa ho kheloha.

2. Tlhaloso ea Phoso: Ho metha kapa ho hakanya liphoso ka ho sebelisa lisensara, li-interferometer tsa laser, kapa lisebelisoa tsa ho etsisa.

3. Matšeliso a Phoso: Ho fetola litsela tsa lisebelisoa kapa liparamente tsa mochini ho fokotsa liphoso tse khethiloeng.

Mefuta ea Liphoso ho CNC Machining

Liphoso ho machining a CNC li ka aroloa ka bongata ka mefuta e latelang, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hloka boitsebahatso le maano a mats'eliso:

Liphoso tsa Geometri

Liphoso tsa jeometri li hlaha ka lebaka la ho se phethahale ha likarolo tsa sesebelisoa sa mochini, joalo ka lilepe tse melang, lilepe tse bilikang, le li-spindle. Bakeng sa mochini oa 5-axis CNC, hangata ho na le liparamente tse 41 tsa liphoso tsa geometri, ho kenyeletsoa liphoso tse 21 tsa phetolelo (mohlala, liphoso tsa ho beha maemo) le liphoso tse 20 tsa angular (mohlala, liphoso tsa ho sekama). Liphoso tsena li baka ho kheloha sebakeng sa sesebelisoa se amanang le workpiece, se amang ho nepahala ha dimensional.

Lethathamo la 1: Liphoso tse Tloaelehileng tsa Geometric ho 5-Axis CNC Machining

Mohloli: E fetisitsoe ho,

Liphoso tsa Kinematic

Liphoso tsa Kinematic li bakoa ke ho se nepahale ha motsamao o hokahaneng oa lilepe tse ngata mochining oa CNC. Ho machining a 5-axis, liphoso tsa kinematic li bohlokoa haholo ka lebaka la tšebelisano e rarahaneng ea lilepe tsa mola le tse rotary. Ka mohlala, ho se tsamaisane hantle ka har'a axis ea rotary ho ka etsa hore sesebelisoa se khelohe tsela eo se reriloeng ka eona, e leng se lebisang liphosong tsa contour.

Liphoso tsa Thermal

Liphoso tsa mocheso li etsahala ka lebaka la ho hlahisa mocheso nakong ea mechine, haholo-holo ka li-alloys tsa titanium, moo mocheso o phahameng oa ho itšeha o tloaelehileng. Thermal deformation ea spindle, workpiece, kapa mochini oa mochini o ka baka ho se nepahale ha boholo. Mohlala, katoloso ea mocheso oa spindle e ka baka phoso ea boemo ba ho fihla ho 50 μm kamora ho sebetsa nako e telele.

Liphoso tsa ho Fetola Lisebelisoa

Liphoso tsa ho kheloha ha lisebelisoa li bakoa ke matla a ho itšeha a kobang sesebelisoa, haholo-holo nakong ea machining ea lisebelisoa tse thata joalo ka li-alloys tsa titanium. Liphoso tsena li totobatsoa haholo ho machining a holim'a sebopeho sa mahala, moo sebaka sa ho ikopanya le sesebelisoa sa sesebelisoa se fapana ho sa khaotse, se lebisang ho matla a feto-fetohang.

Phoso ea Mekhoa ea ho Etsa Mohlala

Ho etsa mohlala oa phoso ke motheo oa ho tsebahatsa phoso. Ho entsoe mekhoa e mengata ea ho etsa mohlala oa liphoso mochining oa CNC:

1. Homogeneous Transformation Matrix (HTM): HTM e etsa mohlala oa ketane ea kinematic ea mochini o nang le li-axis tse ngata, e etsa 'mapa oa maemo a lithulusi ho ea maemong a nnete ha e ntse e ikarabella bakeng sa liphoso tsa jeometri le kinematic. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho tiea ha lipalo le bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le litlhophiso tse rarahaneng tsa mochini.

2. Screw Theory: Theory ea Screw e fana ka moralo o kopaneng oa ho etsa mohlala oa liphoso tsa ho fetolela le tsa ho potoloha litsamaisong tsa li-multi-axis. E sebetsa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa mechine ea 5-axis, moo li-ax tsa rotary li hlahisang litšebelisano tse rarahaneng tsa liphoso.

3. Finite Element Analysis (FEA): FEA e sebelisetsoa ho etsa mohlala oa liphoso tsa mocheso le lisebelisoa tsa ho kheloha ka ho etsisa boitšoaro ba 'mele ba mochine le workpiece tlas'a matla a ho itšeha le moroalo oa mocheso.

4. Ho Ithuta ka Mochini (ML): Mefuta e thehiloeng ho ML, joalo ka li-artificial neural networks (ANNs) le relevance vector machines (RVMs), e bolela esale pele liphoso tse thehiloeng ho data ea khale ea machining le lisebelisoa tsa sensor. Mefuta ena e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho hapa liphoso tse sa lekanyetsoang le tse feto-fetohang nako.

Mekhoa ea ho Khetholla Liphoso

Ho hlwaya liphoso ho hloka tekanyo e nepahetseng kapa mekhoa ea khakanyo. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:

1. Laser Interferometry: Li-interferometers tsa Laser li lekanya liphoso tsa linear le angular ka ho nepahala ho phahameng (mohlala, ± 0.5 μm / m bakeng sa liphoso tsa linear). Li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho lekanya liphoso tsa geometri mochining oa CNC.

2. Teko ea Ball Bar: Liteko tsa Ball bar li hlahloba liphoso tsa kinematic ka ho lekanya ho kheloha litseleng tsa lisebelisoa tse chitja, ho tseba liphoso tsa khokahano ea axis.

3. Tekanyo ea Mochini (OMM): Sistimi ea OMM e sebelisa li-touch-trigger probes tse kentsoeng mochining oa spindle ho lekanya libaka tse entsoeng ka mochini ka nako ea nnete, e nolofalletsang ho lemoha liphoso ntle le ho tlosa sesebelisoa.

4. Mekhoa e tsamaisoang ke data: Mekhoa ea ho ithuta ka mochini, joalo ka marang-rang a tebileng a karohanoang a phetoang khafetsa (DSCGRN), sekaseka data ea li-sensor tse ngata ho tseba mekhoa ea liphoso le ho bolela esale pele ho roala ha lisebelisoa kapa maemo a ho senyeha,.

Maano a Matšeliso a Phoso

Hang ha liphoso li se li khethiloe, maqheka a matšeliso a sebelisoa ho lokisa litsela tsa lisebelisoa kapa litekanyetso tsa mochine:

1. Phetoho ea Khoutu ea NC: Ho fetola khoutu ea ho laola lipalo (NC) ho lokisa maemo a lisebelisoa ho latela mohlala oa phoso. Mokhoa ona oa pele ho matšeliso o sebetsa hantle bakeng sa liphoso tsa geometri le tsa kinematic,.

2. Matšeliso a Nako ea 'Nete: Ho sebelisa li-interface tsa digital I / O ho buisana le molaoli oa CNC le ho lokisa litsela tsa lisebelisoa ka nako ea sebele. Mokhoa ona ha o tloaelehe ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha balaoli ba CNC ba khoebo.

3. Matšeliso a Inverse Dynamics: Ho fetola tsela ea sesebelisoa e laetsoeng ho ikarabella bakeng sa inertia le liphello tse senyang, hangata ho sebelisa li-curve tsa Pythagorean-hodograph ho finyella phoso ea zero contour bakeng sa balaoli ba itseng.

4. Matšeliso a Phoso ea Mocheso: Ho kenya tšebetsong li-sensor tsa mocheso ho lekola mocheso oa spindle le ho sebelisa mefuta ea matšeliso ho lokisa katoloso ea mocheso.

Lethathamo la 2: Papiso ea Mekhoa ea Matšeliso a Phoso

Lithuto tsa Litaba ho Boitsebiso ba Phoso ea Phetoho

Lithuto tse 'maloa li bonts'itse katleho ea boitsebahatso ba phoso bakeng sa libaka tse sa lefelloeng tsa titanium alloy:

• Tian et al. (2025): E ntlafalitse mofuta oa phoso oa geometri bakeng sa mechini ea 5-axis CNC e sebelisang theory ea screw, ho fihlela phokotso ea 50% ea phoso ea sebopeho bakeng sa libaka tse bataletseng ka ho lefella liphoso tsa jeometri.

• Outeiro (2025): E sebelisitse mohlala oa ho ithuta ka mochini ho bolela esale pele likhatello tse setseng nakong ea ho seha orthogonal ea Ti-6Al-4V, ho ntlafatsa angle angle le ho itšeha lebelo ho eketsa khatello ea kelello ea masala ka 40%.

• Hsu et al. (2012): E sebelisitsoe OMM e nang le li-touch-trigger probes ho bona le ho lefella liphoso tsa machining ho 5-axis flank milling ea marako a masesaane. likarolo tsa titanium, ho fokotsa liphoso tsa dimensional ho tloha ho 30 mm ho ea tlase ho 4 mm.

Lithuto tsena tsa linyeoe li totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho kopanya mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho etsa mohlala le ho lekanya ho fihlela ho nepahala ho phahameng ho titanium motsoako motsoako.

Ntlafatso ea Tsela ea 'Mele

Kakaretso ea Ntlafatso ea Tsela ea 'Mele

Ntlafatso ea tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele e shebana le ho hlahisa litsela tsa lisebelisoa tse ikarabellang bakeng sa thepa ea thepa, matla a mochini, le maemo a ho itšeha ho eketsa ts'ebetso le boleng. Ho fapana le tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa setso, e etelletsang pele lithibelo tsa jiometri joalo ka bophahamo ba scallop, mekhoa e tsamaisoang ke 'mele e kenyelletsa mechini ea ho tlosa thepa, matla a ho itšeha, litlamorao tsa mocheso, le kinematics ea mochini ho ntlafatsa sephetho sa mochini.

Bakeng sa libaka tse sa lefelloeng tsa titanium alloy, ntlafatso ea tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele e ikemiselitse ho:

• Fokotsa nako ea mochini le tšebeliso ea matla.

• Fokotsa ho roala ha lisebelisoa le matla a ho itšeha.

• Ntlafatsa pheletso ea bokaholimo le ho nepahala ha boholo.

• Thibela ho qoqa le ho thothomela ho senyang boleng ba bokaholimo.

Melao-motheo ea Ntlafatso ea Tsela ea 'Mele

Ntlafatso ea tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele e itšetlehile ka melao-motheo e mengata ea bohlokoa:

1. Mechine ea ho Tlosa Lintho: Ho utloisisa tšebelisano pakeng tsa sesebelisoa le workpiece, ho kenyelletsa le sebopeho sa chip, matla a ho itšeha le ho hlahisa mocheso.

2. Matla a Mochini: Ho ikarabella bakeng sa lithibelo tsa kinematic le tse matla tsa mochini oa CNC, joalo ka lebelo la spindle, sekhahla sa phepelo, le meeli ea ho potlakisa axis.

3. Botšepehi ba Bokahohle: Ho ntlafatsa litekanyo ho fihlela ho ba le boima ba holim'a metsi (Ra <0.4 μm) le likhatello tsa masala a khatello bakeng sa bophelo bo ntlafetseng ba mokhathala.

4. Melemo e mengata ea ho ntlafatsa: Ho leka-lekanya lipakane tse hanyetsanang, tse kang ho fokotsa nako ea ho sebetsa ha u ntse u boloka boleng ba bokaholimo, ho sebelisa mekhoa e kang genetic algorithms (GAs) kapa response surface methodology (RSM).

Tool Path Generation Strategies

Ho entsoe maano a 'maloa a ho hlahisa lisebelisoa bakeng sa machining a holim'a mefuta ea mahala, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le melemo e ikhethang bakeng sa li-alloys tsa titanium:

1. Litsela tsa Sesebelisoa sa Iso-Scallop: Boloka bolelele ba scallop kamehla ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho felile ka holim'a seaparo se tšoanang. Litsela tsena li fokotsa bolelele ba litsela ka 22-50% ha li bapisoa le litsela tsa setso tsa iso-parametric.

2. Litsela tsa Contour-Parallel Tool: Latela li-contours tsa bokaholimo ho fokotsa ho khutlisa lisebelisoa le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mochini. Litsela tsena li sebetsa hantle bakeng sa libaka tse rarahaneng tse nang le li-curvature tse fapaneng.

3. Litsela tsa Sesebelisoa sa Zig-Zag: E bonolo ebile e sebelisoa haholo, empa e sa sebetse hantle bakeng sa libaka tse sa lefelloeng ka lebaka la liphetoho tse etsahalang khafetsa tse eketsang nako ea machining.

4. Tlhaloso e thehiloeng ho NURBS: E sebelisa li-curve tsa NURBS ho hlahisa litsela tse boreleli tsa lisebelisoa, ho boloka lebelo le tsitsitseng la cutter (CC) le ho fokotsa mefokolo ea micro-geometrical,.

5. Litsela tsa Sesebelisoa sa Adaptive: Fetola linako tsa tsela ho ipapisitse le ho kobeha ha holimo le ho mamella liphoso, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho nepahala ha lijeometri tse rarahaneng,.

Lethathamo la 3: Papiso ea Maano a Phaliso ea Tsela ea Lisebelisoa

Mekhoa ea ntlafatso

Mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khetholla mekhoa e metle ea mochini le litsela tsa lisebelisoa. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:

1. Melaetsa ea Liphatsa tsa lefutso (GAs): Li-GA li sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoa ka ho lekola mekhoa e mengata, joalo ka ho kheloha ha bokaholimo le nako ea mochini. Mohlala, phuputso e ntlafalitse litsela tse tharo tsa lisebelisoa tsa 3-axis (Optimized-Z, Raster, 3D-Offset) bakeng sa bokaholimo ba titanium alloy, ho fihlela tharollo e nepahetseng ea Pareto bakeng sa boleng le tlhahiso.

2. Response Surface Methodology (RSM): RSM e hlahisa mekhoa ea ho bolela esale pele bakeng sa sephetho sa machining (mohlala, ho hlaka holimo, mocheso oa ho itšeha) ho latela lintlha tsa liteko. Boithuto bo mabapi le ho fetoha ha Ti-6Al-4V bo fihletse phokotso ea 27% ea ho itšeha mocheso o sebelisa RSM.

3. Mokhoa oa Taguchi: Mokhoa oa Taguchi o sebelisa li-orthogonal arrays ho fokotsa liteko tsa liteko ha o ntse o khetholla mekhoa e nepahetseng. Bakeng sa alloy ea TC21, e fokotsitse mahoashe a holim'a metsi ka 56.25% le ho roala ha lisebelisoa ka 24.18%.

4. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs): Li-ANN li bolela esale pele liphetho tsa machining tse ipapisitseng le likamano tse rarahaneng, tse se nang moeli lipakeng tsa liparamente. Li sebetsa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa taolo ea ts'ebetso ea nako ea nnete.

5. Simulated Annealing le Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO): Mekhoa ena e ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoa ka ho hlahloba sebaka sa tharollo ka katleho, hangata e sebelisoang mekhoeng e nyalisitsoeng bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa merero e mengata,.

Lethathamo la 4: Papiso ea Mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa

Mehopolo ea 'Mele ho Ntlafatso ea Tsela

Ntlafatso ea tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele e kenyelletsa lintlha tse latelang tsa' mele:

1. Ho Seha Matla: Ho ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoa ho fokotsa matla a ho itšeha ho fokotsa ho kheloha le ho senyeha ha lisebelisoa. Ka mohlala, ho khetha litsela tsa lisebelisoa tse fokotsang boleng bo boleloang ba matla a ho itšeha ho ka fokotsa liphoso tsa li-dimensional ho tloha ho 30 mm ho ea ka tlase ho 4 mm ho 5-axis milling.

2. Tsamaiso ea Thermal: Ho fetola lebelo la ho itšeha le sekhahla sa phepelo ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea mocheso ho bohlokoa bakeng sa li-alloys tsa titanium. Mohlala, ho fokotsa lebelo la ho itšeha ho tloha ho 60 m/min ho isa ho 20 m/min ho ile ha eketsa khatello ea masala ka 40% ho machining ea Ti-6Al-4V.

3. Tool Wear: Ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea lisebelisoa ho tsamaisa liaparo ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le sesebelisoa ho eketsa bophelo ba sesebelisoa. Maemo a Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) a bonts'itsoe hore a fokotsa ho roala ha lisebelisoa ka machining a titanium alloy.

4. Mochine oa Kinematics: Ho kenyelletsa lithibelo tsa kinematic, joalo ka meeli ea ho potlakisa axis, ho netefatsa hore litsela tsa lisebelisoa lia khoneha ka har'a bokhoni ba mochini.

Lithuto tsa Mohlala ho Ntlafatso ea Tsela ea 'Mele

• Budak et al. (2017): Mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea lisebelisoa bakeng sa ho sila holim'a sebopeho sa mahala ho sebelisa algorithm ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho fokotsa matla a ho itšeha le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba holim'a lisebelisoa tsa Al7039. Boithuto bona bo fihletse phokotso e kholo ea nako ea mochini le tšebeliso ea matla.

• Shen et al. (2014): E khothalelitse mokhoa o fapaneng oa tlhahlobo o kopanyang lits'ebetso tsa CAM le CNC ho ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoa ho latela maikutlo a ho fetolela, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea machining bakeng sa libaka tse sa lefelloeng.

• Shokrani et al. (2019): Ho fuputsehile ka ho fetoha ha Ti-6Al-4V ka thuso ea MQL, ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ho itšeha ho fokotsa ho roala ha lisebelisoa le ho ntlafatsa botšepehi ba holim'a metsi ho sebelisa li-algorithms tsa ho iphetola ha lintho.

Ho kopanngoa ha Phoso ea Phetoho le Tsela ea Ntlafatso

Mokhoa oa Synergistic

Khokahano ea boitsebahatso ba liphoso le ntlafatso ea tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele e fana ka mokhoa o kopaneng oa machining oa CNC oa libaka tse sa lefelloeng tsa titanium alloy. Ka ho kopanya matšeliso a phoso le litsela tsa lisebelisoa tse ntlafalitsoeng, bahlahisi ba ka finyella ho nepahala ho holimo, ho sebetsa hantle le boleng bo holimo. Mokhoa ona o kopantsoeng o kenyelletsa:

1. Tlhophiso ea Tsela ea Phoso: Ho hlahisa litsela tsa lisebelisoa tse ikarabellang bakeng sa liphoso tse boletsoeng esale pele, joalo ka liphapang tsa geometri kapa mocheso, ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tsona.

2. Maikutlo a Nako ea 'Nete: Ho sebelisa data ea sensor le ho ithuta ka mochini ho lokisa litsela tsa lisebelisoa ka matla ho ipapisitse le liphoso tse fumanoeng nakong ea mochini.

3. Melemo e mengata ea ho ntlafatsa: Ho leka-lekanya matšeliso a liphoso le sepheo sa 'mele, joalo ka ho fokotsa matla a ho itšeha le nako ea ho lokisa, ho sebelisa li-algorithms tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka li-GA kapa li-ANN.

Digital Twin Technology

Theknoloji ea mafahla ea Digital e hlahile e le sesebelisoa se matla sa ho kopanya phoso le ho ntlafatsa tsela. Lefahla la dijithale ke mohlala oa mochini oa CNC le ts'ebetso ea machining, e nolofalletsang papiso ea nako ea nnete, ho beha leihlo le ho ntlafatsa. Ka ho kenyelletsa mehlala ea liphoso le lithibelo tsa 'mele, mafahla a dijithale a ka:

• Lebela liphetho le liphoso tsa machining pele o etsa mochini oa nnete.

• Ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoa ka nako ea 'nete ho latela lintlha tsa sensor.

• Etsisa tšusumetso ea liparamente tse fapaneng tsa mochini ho boleng ba bokaholimo le bophelo ba lisebelisoa.

Ka mohlala, thuto ea ultra-sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng machining e sebelisitse lefahla la dijithale ho fihlela phokotso ea 70% ea phoso ea tlhoro-ho-phula (PV) le phokotso ea 96% ea phoso ea "root mean square" (RMS) bakeng sa libaka tse sa lefelloeng.

Mathata a Kopanyo

Leha e na le bokhoni, ho kopanya phoso le ntlafatso ea tsela ho tobane le mathata a 'maloa:

1. Computational Mathata: Matšeliso a liphoso tsa nako ea 'nete le ho ntlafatsa tsela li hloka lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa khomphutha, haholo bakeng sa libaka tse rarahaneng tse sa lefelloeng.

2. Litlhoko tsa data: Mekhoa ea ho ithuta ka mochine e hloka li-datasets tse kholo bakeng sa koetliso, tse ka bitsang chelete e ngata ho hlahisa li-alloys tsa titanium.

3. System sa tshebeletsano: Ho kopanya mekhoa ea maikutlo pakeng tsa mekhoa ea CAM le CNC ho hloka software e lumellanang le hardware, e ka 'nang ea se ke ea fumaneha lits'ebetsong tsohle tsa khoebo.

Netefatso ea Teko le Lithuto tsa Taba

Mekhoa ea Teko

Netefatso ea liteko e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekola katleho ea ho fetola liphoso le maano a ho ntlafatsa tsela. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:

1. Moralo oa Liteko (DOE): DOE, joalo ka mekhoa e felletseng ea fektheri kapa ea Taguchi, e sebelisetsoa ho fapanyetsana ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng methati ea machining le ho lekanya tšusumetso ea bona ho liphetho tse kang ho hlaka holimo, ho roala lisebelisoa, le likhatello tse setseng,.

2. Ketsiso ea CNC: Software ea khoebo ea CAM, e kang Delcam PowerMill kapa Siemens NX, e sebelisetsoa ho etsisa litsela tsa lisebelisoa le ho bolela esale pele liphoso pele ho etsoa machining.

3. Liteko tsa Machining: Liteko tsa 'mele tsa machining ho li-workpieces tsa titanium alloy li netefatsa mehlala ea theory le li-algorithms tsa optimization. Mohlala, liteko tsa Setsi sa Mazak FJV-200 UHS Vertical Machining Center li bonts'itse katleho ea mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea lisebelisoa bakeng sa libaka tse sa lefelloeng.

Thuto-pale 1: 5-Axis Milling ea Ti-6Al-4V Turbine Blade

Phuputso e entsoeng setsing sa ho sila sa 5-axis CNC e ile ea etsa lehare la turbine la Ti-6Al-4V le nang le sebaka se rarahaneng sa sebopeho sa mahala. Bafuputsi ba sebelisitse mohlala oa phoso oa screw theory ho khetholla le ho lefella liphoso tsa geometri, ho fihlela phokotso ea 50% ea phoso ea foromo. Litsela tsa lisebelisoa li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ho sebelisoa algorithm ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho fokotsa matla a ho itšeha le nako ea machining, e leng se fellang ka ho rarahana ha Ra 0.19 μm le phokotso ea 27% ea mocheso oa ho itšeha,.

Thuto-pale 2: Phetoho ea Alloy ea TC21

Phuputso ea ho fetola mocheso oa TC21 alloy e sebelisitse mokhoa oa Taguchi ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ho itšeha (lebelo la ho itšeha: 80-120 m / min, sekhahla sa fepa: 0.05-0.15 mm / rev, botebo ba sehiloeng: 0.2-0.6 mm). Mekhahlelo e ntlafalitsoeng e fokotsitse ho thatafala ha bokaholimo ka 56.25% le ho roaloa ha lisebelisoa ka 24.18%, ho bonts'a katleho ea ntlafatso e tsamaisoang ke 'mele bakeng sa li-alloys tsa titanium tse thata-to-machine.

Mohlala oa 3: Mochini o Thusang oa MQL

Phetoho e thusoang ke MQL ea Ti-6Al-4V e ile ea fuputsoa ho sebelisoa algorithm ea cohort intelligence (CI) ho ntlafatsa maemo a machining tikolohong ea bonyane ba bongata ba lubrication. Boithuto bo finyelletse ho fokotsoa ha ho roaloa ha lisebelisoa le ho ntlafala ha boleng bo holimo, ho totobatsa melemo ea ho kopanya ntlafatso e tsamaisoang ke 'mele le mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea machining.

Lethathamo la 5: Kakaretso ea Liphetho tsa Taba

Mekhoa ea Kamoso le Litaelo tsa Lipatlisiso

Mokhoa o Tsoetseng Pele oa Liphoso

Lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho hlahiseng mefuta ea liphoso e tsoetseng pele e ikarabellang bakeng sa liphoso tse fapaneng, tse sa tsitsang, le tse sa eme. Mohlala, tlhahlobo ea kutlo e matla le tlhahlobo ea kutlo ea lefats'e ho sebelisoa mekhoa e kang mokhoa oa ho fokotsa likarolo tse ngata (M-DRM) e ka ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha ho bolela liphoso.

Taolo ea Ts'ebetso e Bohlale

Ho kopanngoa ha ho ithuta ka mochine le marang-rang a methapo ea kutlo le litsamaiso tsa CNC ho nolofalletsa taolo ea ts'ebetso e bohlale. Mekhoa e kang ho bolela esale pele ka matla a ho itšeha le ho lekola moeli oa botsitso ba inthaneteng ho lebelletsoe ho ntlafatsa matšeliso a nako ea 'nete le ho ntlafatsa tsela.

Mechini e tsitsitseng

Mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea machining, e kang MQL le cryogenic cooling, e ntse e eketseha bakeng sa machining a alloy titanium. Mekhoa ena e fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ha e ntse e ntlafatsa bophelo ba lisebelisoa le boleng ba bokaholimo. Lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li tla tsepamisa maikutlo ho ntlafatseng mekhoa ena bakeng sa machining a holim'a sebopeho sa mahala,.

Lefahla la Dijithale le Indasteri 4.0

Ho amoheloa ha theknoloji ea mafahla a dijithale le melao-motheo ea indasteri ea 4.0 ho tla fetola machining a CNC. Ka ho theha lipapiso tse hlakileng tsa ts'ebetso ea mochini, bahlahisi ba ka etsisa le ho ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoa, ba bolela liphoso esale pele, 'me ba lekola bophelo ba mochini ka nako ea nnete.

Mekhoa ea Ntlafatso ea Hybrid

Mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea Hybrid, e kopanyang li-GA, li-ANN, le PSO, e lebelletsoe ho sebetsana le mefokolo ea mekhoa ea motho ka mong, ho fana ka tharollo e matla haholoanyane bakeng sa ts'ebetso e mengata ea sepheo sa machining ea titanium alloy.

fihlela qeto e

Patlisiso mabapi le boitsebahatso ba liphoso le ntlafatso ea tsela e tsamaisoang ke 'mele bakeng sa machining ea CNC ea li-multi-dimensional multi-dimensional free form surfaces e emela tsoelo-pele e kholo tlhahisong e nepahetseng. Ka ho sebetsana le liphephetso tsa liphoso tsa geometric, kinematic, thermal le deflection ea lisebelisoa, le ho ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoa tse ipapisitseng le melao-motheo ea 'mele, mekhoa ena e thusa bahlahisi ho fihlela ho nepahala ho holimo, katleho le boleng bo holimo. Ho kopanngoa ha mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho etsa mohlala, ho ithuta ka mochini, le theknoloji ea mafahla ea dijithale ho bula tsela bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa mochini tse bohlale, tse tšoarellang. Ha liindasteri li ntse li tsoela pele ho batla likarolo tse sebetsang hantle, lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le nts'etsopele lefapheng lena li tla ba bohlokoa ho fihlela litlhoko tse thata tsa tlhahiso ea sejoale-joale.

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