Ho hlahlojoa ha sebaka se tebileng, ho kopanyelletsa le mesebetsi e ka nģ'ane ho sebaka se tlaase sa Lefatše ho ea libakeng tse kang Khoeli, Mars le asteroids, ho hloka lisebelisoa tse kopanyang thepa e bobebe le matla a ikhethang a mochine, botsitso ba mocheso, le ho hanyetsa maemo a feteletseng a tikoloho. Li-plastiki tse bobebe le tse matla haholo li hlahile e le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ho boenjiniere ba sefofane, haholo-holo bakeng sa likopo tsa mesebetsi ea sebaka se tebileng moo ho fokotsa boima ho hlokahalang bakeng sa katleho ea mafura le bokhoni ba ho lefa. Ho kopanngoa ha lipolasetiki tsena ho likarolo tse entsoeng ka mokhoa oa ho laola linomoro tsa k'homphieutha (CNC) ho hloka mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho fetola holim'a metsi le mekhoa e matla ea ho boloka mechine e le ho netefatsa ho tšoarella, ho tšepahala le ho sebetsa maemong a thata a sebaka, ho kenyelletsa le vacuum, mocheso o feteletseng, le mahlaseli a kotsi.

Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lipolasetiki tse bobebe le tse matla a phahameng tse loketseng mesebetsi ea sebaka se tebileng, e shebane le maano a bona a ho fetola bokaholimo le mekhoa ea ho boloka mochini maemong a CNC lisebelisoa. E hlahloba thepa ea thepa, kalafo holim mekhoa, mekhoa ea ho boloka mochini, le ts'ebeliso ea bona likarolong tsa sepakapaka. Litafole tse bapisitsoeng tse qaqileng li kenyellelitsoe ho hlakisa thepa le ts'ebetso ea lipolasetiki tse fapaneng le litšobotsi tsa tsona tsa mochini.

Lipolasetiki tse bobebe le tse Matla a Phahameng: Tlhahlobo ea Boitsebiso

Lipolasetiki tse bobebe le tse matla haholo ke lisebelisoa tsa polymeric tse etselitsoeng ho fana ka matla a khethehileng (karolelano ea matla ho isa boima ba 'mele), boima bo tlase, le ho hanyetsa likhatello tsa tikoloho. Lipolasetiki tsena li ntse li ratoa haholo ho feta litšepe tsa setso joalo ka aluminium le titanium lits'ebetsong tsa sepakapaka ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho fokotsa boima ba sepakapaka ha li ntse li boloka botsitso ba sebopeho. Li-plastiki tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang mesebetsing ea sebaka se tebileng li kenyelletsa polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), le metsoako e tsoetseng pele e kang carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP).

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

PEEK ke thermoplastic e sebetsang hantle haholo e tsejoang ka thepa ea eona e ikhethang ea mochini, ho kenyelletsa le matla a thata a ka bang 100 MPa, botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso (ho fihla ho 250 ° C), le ho hanyetsa ho senyeha ha lik'hemik'hale. Ho khaoha ha eona ho tlase libakeng tsa vacuum ho etsa hore e be e loketseng lits'ebetso tsa sebaka. PEEK e atisa ho sebelisoa likarolong tsa meralo, litiiso, le li-insulator ka har'a sepakapaka.

Polyimide (PI)

Li-polyimides, tse kang Kapton, li bonts'a botsitso bo tsotehang ba mocheso (ho sebetsa ho tloha -269 ° C ho ea ho 400 ° C) le ho hanyetsa mahlaseli a kotsi, ho etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa likobo tsa mocheso, lipotoloho tse feto-fetohang, le ho kenya letsoho libakeng tse tebileng tsa sebaka. Matla a bona a matla a tloha ho 70 ho isa ho 150 MPa, ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

PTFE, eo hangata e tsejoang e le Teflon, e nkoa e le ea bohlokoa ka lebaka la khohlano ea eona e tlase, ho se sebetse ha lik'hemik'hale, le botsitso ba mocheso (ho fihla ho 260°C). E sebelisoa ho ho jaras, litiiso, le liphahlo tse se nang lithupa likarolong tsa sepakapaka, leha matla a eona a batla a le tlase (20-30 MPa) a fokotsa tšebeliso ea ona lits'ebetsong tse boima haholo.

Li-polymers tsa Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced (CFRP)

Li-CFRP li kopanya polymer matrix (hangata epoxy kapa PEEK) e nang le likhoele tsa khabone ho fihlela matla a thata a fetang 500 MPa le density tlase joalo ka 1.5 g/cm³. Ho satalla ho hoholo le thepa ea bona e bobebe e ba etsa hore e be tse loketseng likarolo tsa meralo joalo ka liforeimi tsa sathelaete le litšehetso tsa li-antenna.

Letlapa la 1: Thepa ea Plastiki e Bonolo le Matla a Phahameng

Mekhoa ea ho Fetosa Bokaholimo bakeng sa Plastiki ea Sepakapaka

Phetoho ea bokaholimo e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea polasetiki libakeng tse tebileng tsa sebaka. Mekhoa ena e ntlafatsa ho khomarela, ho hanyetsa ho apara, botsitso ba mocheso, le ho hanyetsa khoholeho ea athomo ea oksijene (AO), ntho e amehang haholo ho potoloha ha Lefatše le ho feta. Mekhoa ea ho fetola bokaholimo bakeng sa lipolasetiki tse ka har'a likarolo tse entsoeng ka mochini oa CNC li kenyelletsa kalafo ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale le ea plasma.

Phetoho ea Sebaka sa 'Mele

Mekhoa ea 'mele, joalo ka abrasion le laser texturing, e fetola sebopeho sa bokaholimo ba lipolastiki ho matlafatsa ho hokahanngoa kapa ho khomarela. Abrasion e kenyelletsa ho otlolla bokaholimo ka mochini ho sebelisa sandblasting kapa lipampiri tse abrasive, ho eketsa sebaka sa ho kopanya. Laser texturing e sebelisa maballo a laser a tsepamisitsoeng ho etsa lipaterone tse nyane kapa tsa nanoscale, ho ntlafatsa sekhomaretsi bakeng sa likhomaretsi kapa likhomaretsi. Mohlala, ho ngola mongolo ka laser holim'a PEEK ho ka eketsa ho hlaka holimo (Ra) ho tloha ho 0.5 µm ho isa ho 5 µm, ho matlafatsa bond ka ho fihla ho 30%.

Phetoho ea Sebaka sa Lik'hemik'hale

Liphekolo tsa lik'hemik'hale, tse kang etching ea acid le silanization, li fetola lik'hemik'hale tsa polasetiki ho hlahisa lihlopha tse sebetsang tse ntlafatsang ho khomarela kapa ho ba metsi. Etching ea asiti ka sulfuric kapa nitric acid e ka etsa hore bokaholimo ba PEEK bo sebetse ka lihlopha tsa hydroxyl kapa carboxyl, ho eketsa matla a holim'a metsi ho tloha ho 40 mN/m ho ea ho 60 mN/m. Silanization e kenyelletsa ho sebelisa li-silane coupling agents ho theha maqhama a covalent pakeng tsa polasetiki le likoahelo, tse sebelisoang hangata bakeng sa likarolo tsa CFRP ho matlafatsa ho khomarela epoxy.

Phetoho ea Bokaholimo bo thehiloeng ho Plasma

Kalafo ea plasma, ho kenyelletsa le plasma ea khatello e tlase le plasma ea atmospheric, li sebelisa likhase tse nang le ionized ho hloekisa, ho kenya tšebetsong, kapa ho beha lifilimi tse tšesaane holim'a polasetiki. Kalafo ea plasma ea oksijene holim'a polyimide e tlosa litšila tse phelang 'me e hlahisa lihlopha tse sebetsang tse nang le oksijene, ho ntlafatsa ho khomarela liphahlo tsa tšepe. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) e ka kenya silicon oxide (SiOx) kapa liphahlo tse kang taemane (DLC), e matlafatsang khanyetso ea ho apara le ho hanyetsa khoholeho ea AO. Mohlala, 100 nm SiOx e koahelang Kapton e fokotsa kotulo ea khoholeho ea AO ka 90%.

Letlapa la 2: Mekhoa ea ho Fetola Bokaholimo le Liphello

Mekhoa ea ho boloka Mechini ho CNC Machining

Ho boloka mochini ho bolela maano a sebelisoang ho boloka lipolasetiki tse bobebe nakong ea mochini oa CNC le ts'ebelisong ea bona ea ho qetela ho netefatsa boits'oaro le ts'ebetso ea sebopeho. Mekhoa ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka ho nepahala ha dimensional, ho thibela delamination, le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tšepahalang libakeng tse tebileng tsa sebaka.

Ho lokisa le ho kokota

CNC machining ea polasetiki e hloka ho lokisoa ho khethehileng ho thibela deformation ka lebaka la ho satalla ha tsona ho tlase ha ho bapisoa le litšepe. Li-vacuum chucks le li-clamps tse bonolo tsa mohlahare li sebelisoa hangata ho boloka lisebelisoa tsa mosebetsi tsa PEEK le CFRP ntle le ho kenya khatello ea maikutlo. Mohlala, li-vacuum chucks tse nang le matla a 10 kPa li ka boloka liphanele tse tšesaane tsa CFRP ntle le ho ferekanngoa.

Likarolo tse Kopantsoeng

Likarolo tse hokahaneng tse entsoeng ka mochini, joalo ka li-dovetails, li-T-slots, le tse kentsoeng ka likhoele, li ntlafatsa ho bolokoa ha mochini likarolong tse kopaneng. Likarolo tsena li entsoe ka CNC ka likarolo tsa polasetiki ho fana ka manonyeletso a matla ntle le ho itšetleha feela ka likhomaretsi. Mohlala, likarolo tsa PEEK tse nang le li-dovetail joints li ka mamella khatello ea ho kuta ho fihla ho 50 MPa likopanong tsa sepakapaka.

Mekhoa ea ho Kopanya ea Hybrid

Ho kopanya ha Hybrid ho kopanya mochine fasteners (mohlala, li-screws, rivets) tse nang le li-adhesives ho finyella li-bond tse matla haholo. Meahong ea CFRP, titanium fasteners hangata li sebelisoa hammoho le likhomaretsi tsa epoxy ho etsa manonyeletso a nang le matla a thata a fetang 200 MPa. CNC machining e etsa bonnete ba hore ho lokisoa ho nepahetseng ha fastener masoba, a bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botšepehi bo kopanetsoeng libakeng tsa ho qala ho sisinyeha ha boima.

Lethathamo la 3: Mekhoa ea ho Boloka Mechini

CNC Machining ea Plastiki e bobebe

CNC machining ke mokhoa o ratoang oa tlhahiso bakeng sa ho hlahisa likarolo tse rarahaneng, tse nepahetseng haholo ho tsoa ho polasetiki e bobebe. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa tlhahiso e fokolang e sebelisang lisebelisoa tse kang mill, lathes, le li-routers ho bopa lisebelisoa tsa polasetiki. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa khetho ea lisebelisoa, litekanyetso tsa ho itšeha, le taolo ea mocheso ho thibela ho senyeha ha thepa.

Khetho ea Sesebelisoa

Lisebelisoa tse koahetsoeng ka carbide kapa taemane li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho etsa lipolasetiki tse matla haholo ho fokotsa ho roala ha lisebelisoa le ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho seha ho hloekile. Bakeng sa PEEK, leloala la ho qetela la 2-flute carbide le radius ea 0.5 mm le sebetsa hantle bakeng sa ho fokotsa sebopeho sa burr. CFRP e hloka lisebelisoa tse koahetsoeng ka taemane ho fokotsa ho hula ha fiber le delamination.

Ho khaola li-Parameters

Mekhahlelo e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho itšeha e bohlokoa ho leka-lekanya sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha thepa le boleng ba bokaholimo. Bakeng sa PEEK, lebelo la spindle la 10,000-15,000 RPM le tekanyo ea phepo ea 0.1-0.2 mm / rev e khothalletsoa. CFRP machining hloka litefiso tse tlase tsa phepelo (0.05–0.1 mm/rev) ho thibela delamination. Ho pholisa ka moea o hatelitsoeng kapa minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) ho thusa ho laola ho eketseha ha mocheso.

Tsamaiso ea Thermal

Plastiki e na le kutloelo-bohloko ho mocheso o hlahisoang nakong ea ho sebetsa, e leng se ka bakang ho qhibidiha kapa ho se nepahale ha dimensional. Bakeng sa PTFE, e nang le ntlha e tlaase ea ho qhibiliha (327°C), pholiso ea cryogenic e nang le naetrojene e metsi e ka boloka botšepehi ba holim'a metsi. PEEK le CFRP li rua molemo ho pholiso ea moea ho qoba ho senyeha ha mocheso.

Letlapa la 4: CNC Machining Parameters bakeng sa Plastiki e Bonolo

Likopo ho Deep Space Missions

Lipolasetiki tse bobebe le tse matla haholo li bohlokoa ho likarolo tse fapaneng tsa sepakapaka, ho kenyeletsoa liforeimi tsa sebopeho, litsamaiso tsa taolo ea mocheso le matlo a elektroniki. Tšebeliso ea bona mesebetsing ea sebaka se tebileng e ntlafatsa katleho ea thōmo ka ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho qala le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho lefa.

Likaroloana tsa Sebopeho

CFRP e sebelisoa haholo ho liforeimi tsa satellite le rover chassis ka lebaka la matla a eona a phahameng a ikhethileng. Mohlala, Mars Perseverance rover e kenyelletsa liphanele tsa CFRP tse kentsoeng ho mamella ± 0.01 mm bakeng sa botsitso ba sebopeho.

Tsamaiso ea Thermal

Li-polyimides tse kang Kapton li sebelisoa ka likobong tsa multilayer insulation (MLI) ho sireletsa lifofane ho tloha mahlaseli a letsatsi le mocheso o feteletseng. Lishiti tsa Kapton tse entsoeng ka mochini oa CNC li netefatsa hore ho behiloe ka nepo bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea mocheso.

Matlo a Elektronike

PEEK e sebelisetsoa ho etsa matlo bakeng sa likarolo tsa elektronike, ho fana ka mokelikeli oa motlakase le ho hanyetsa ho senyeha ho bakoang ke mahlaseli. CNC machining e thusa ho theha li-geometri tse rarahaneng tse nang le likanale tse kopaneng tsa ho pholisa.

Mathata le Litsela tsa Kamoso

Ho sa tsotellehe melemo ea bona, li-plastiki tse bobebe li tobane le mathata lits'ebetsong tse tebileng tsa sebaka. Khoholeho ea oksijene ea athomo, ho putlama ho bakoang ke mahlaseli a kotsi, le ho tsoa ha moea e ntse e le matšoenyeho. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho nts'etsopele ea liphahlo tse tsoetseng pele, joalo ka lifilimi tse thehiloeng ho graphene, ho matlafatsa khanyetso ea AO. Ho feta moo, ho ntse ho hlahlojoa mekhoa ea ho etsa tlatsetso, joalo ka khatiso ea 3D, ho tlatselletsa machining a CNC, e leng ho nolofalletsang tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa tšepe tsa polasetiki tse nyalisitsoeng.

Lethathamo la 5: Mathata le Maano a ho Fokotsa

fihlela qeto e

Lipolasetiki tse bobebe le tse matla haholo, joalo ka PEEK, polyimide, PTFE, le CFRP, li bohlokoa haholo ho nolofatseng mesebetsi ea sebaka se tebileng ka thepa ea bona e ikhethang ea mochini le letsoalo le tlase. Mekhoa ea ho fetola bokaholimo, ho kenyeletsoa mekhoa ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale le e thehiloeng ho plasma, e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea bona maemong a feteletseng. Mekhoa ea ho boloka mochini, joalo ka ho lokisa, likarolo tse hokahaneng, le ho kopanya lebasetere, li netefatsa bots'epehi ba sebopeho nakong ea machining ea CNC le lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebetso. Ha lipatlisiso tsa sebaka se tebileng li ntse li tsoela pele, nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele mekhoeng ea lisebelisoa, kalafo ea holim'a metsi, le mekhoa ea tlhahiso e tla eketsa karolo ea lipolasetiki tsena ho boenjiniere ba lifofane.

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