naha ea heso ke naha e kholo ea tlhahiso. Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea indasteri, ts'ebetso ea ho roala e kenyelletsa liindasteri tse ngata, ho kenyelletsa le liindasteri tsohle tse amehang ts'ebetsong ea ho roala, joalo ka tlhahiso le tlhokomelo ea likoloi, thepa ea ka tlung, lisebelisoa tsa ntlo, ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa tšepe, lipoleiti tsa tšepe tsa mebala le lijana. , Ho haha ​​​​likepe, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, indasteri ea lipeipi, joalo-joalo.

Indasteri ea ho roala ke ea tšimo ea lisebelisoa tse ncha. Liaparo tse nang le tikoloho li kenyelletsa: liphahlo tse entsoeng ka metsi, liphahlo tse entsoeng ka phofo, liphahlo tsa mahlaseli a mahlaseli le liphahlo tse tiileng haholo. Kaha liphahlo tsa tikoloho li ntse li le maemong a pele a lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa tekheniki li hole le ho rarolloa. Ka hona, tšebeliso ea litlolo tsa solvent li etsa 50-60 ea liaparo tse feletseng. Sehlahisoa sa liaparo tsa indasteri naheng ea heso ka 2009 e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 9.114, tseo lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng ho solvent li neng li le teng bakeng sa 60. Tlhahiso ea liphahlo ka 2010 (China Coatings Industry Yearbook, 2011) e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 9.7. Har'a tsona, liphahlo tse thehiloeng ho solvent li ne li le 52.1. Hoo e ka bang lithane tse limilione tse 3.5 tsa li-VOC (ho kenyeletsoa le tse tšesaane tse sebelisoang ho roala) li fetoha sepakapaka nakong ea tšebeliso ea liphahlo (xylene feela e nang le lithane tse likete tse makholo), 'me tšilafalo e senya haholo. e matla. Ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele e potlakileng haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena, karolelano ea sekhahla sa khōlo ke limilione tse 15. Ka 2012, tlhahiso e fihlile ho feta lithane tse limilione tse 12 (ho kenya le ho romela thepa ka bongata ho ka hlokomolohuoa), eo liaparo tsa indasteri li ileng tsa nka hoo e ka bang 70, ke hore, lithane tse ka bang limilione tse 8.4. Khasi ea VOC e ka ba lithane tse limilione tse 6 kapa ho feta. E fetohile mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa likhase tsa liindasteri tsa VOC tsa China 'me o na le tšusumetso e kholo holima likhase tsa VOC tsa indasteri ea naha ea heso.

Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso e tla baka likotsi tsa tikoloho: joalo ka mesi ea VOC, masala a formaldehyde le tšepe e boima, le ho fetoha ha TDI mahala. naha ea heso e thehile letoto la litlolo tse tlamang tsa maemo a naha. Ka 2009 feela, litekanyetso tse hlano tse tlamang tsa ho roala tse emetsoeng ke "GB24408-2009 Meeli ea Lintho Tse Kotsi Ka har'a Mehaho ea Kantle ea Lerako" li ile tsa ntlafatsoa. Ka nako e ts'oanang, melao e thata ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ea kantle ho naha (e kang HAPs, VOCs, REACH, RoHS, joalo-joalo) e behile meeli e phahameng ea ho romela lihlahisoa tsa pente ea malapeng, lisebelisoa tse tala le lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tse kang lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, lintho tsa ho bapala, le thepa ea ka tlung (e tala Litšitiso le lithibelo tsa tekheniki). Ka lebaka lena, tlas'a boemo ba tlhokomelo e matla ka ho fetisisa, ke mokhoa o akaretsang oa nts'etsopele ho matlafatsa boqapi ba theknoloji ea ho roala le ho ntshetsa pele le ho ntlafatsa liaparo tse sireletsang tikoloho. Ka nako e ts'oanang, basebelisi ba sebelisang liphahlo tse tloaelehileng tsa solvent ba hloka ho matlafatsa ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea kalafo ea VOCs.

1. Boemo ba hona joale ba theknoloji ea ho roala le lisebelisoa

thekenoloji le lisebelisoa tsa ho roala tsa naha ea heso li ntse li tsoela pele ka potlako. Ho na le lekhalo le leholo ts'ireletsong ea tikoloho, paballo ea matla, phokotso ea mosi, le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa. Likhahla tsa VOC tsa mela e mengata ea ho roala ha li lumellane le maemo, 'me tšebeliso ea matla, tšebeliso ea metsi le tšebeliso ea thepa ea ho roala sebakeng se seng le se seng e phahame,' me ha ho na leano le lumellanang le tlamang. Ka mohlala, le hoja naha ea heso e le naha e kholo ka tlhahiso ea likoloi, hase naha e matla, 'me ho penta likoloi ho joalo.

1) Sekepe se tloaelehileng sa koloi (sekepe se felletseng)

'Mele-in-white kena pele ho kalafo electrophoresis electrophoresis drying (lysate emission) electrophoresis polishing (lerōle particle emission) weld sealing (VOCs emission) PVC undercarriage spraying (VOCs emission) intermediate coating spraying (VOCs emission) intermediate coating leveling (VOCs emission) ) Ho omisa lipente tse mahareng (VOCs emission) Ho fana ka tlaleho ea ho penta ho qeta ho fafatsa pente (ho kenyeletsoa varnish) (VOCs emission) pente ea ho qeta (VOCs emission) ho omisa pente (VOCs emission) ho lokisa sebaka sa tlhahlobo (VOCs emission) finishing Warranty cavity wax spraying (VOCs emission) kopano workshop

2) Ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea likarolo tsa koloi (ts'ebetso e felletseng)

Kalafo ea pele (electrophoresis electrophoresis drying) kapa (dehydration drying) seaparo se bohareng se fafatsa seaparo se bohareng se lekanya seaparo se bohareng sa seaparo se ka holimo se fafatsa seaparo se ka holimo se phallang

3) Sekepe se tloaelehileng sa lijana (setsebi se felletseng)

Sandblasting, zinc blasting, ho roala bohareng, ho fafatsa, ho roala bohareng, ho lekana, ho roala bohareng, ho omisa, top coat, spraying, top coat, flow, pente e bataletseng

4) Ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa tsa lapeng (mokhoa o felletseng)

Kalafo ea pele (electrophoresis electrophoresis drying) kapa (dehydration drying) seaparo se bohareng se fafatsa seaparo sa bohareng se lekanya seaparo se bohareng, seaparo se ka holimo se sephara, pente e pharalletseng, ho omisa, ho omisa, ho omisa phofo, ho omisa phofo (ha ho na tlhahiso ea VOC)

5) Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa mochini oa spray

Li-spray booths tse kholo ho feta 95 li qobelloa ho fana le ho ntša moea o hloekileng, 'me li-VOC li lokolloa ka ho toba sebakeng se phahameng se nang le mahloriso a tlaase le molumo o moholo oa moea. Haeba li-VOC li sebetsoa, ​​​​ho tlameha ho eketsoa sesebelisoa sa mahloriso sa VOCs. Sebaka sa ho fafatsa se nka mokhoa o chitja oa phepelo ea moea o qobelloang le mosi, 'me mahloriso a VOC a batla a phahame, a ka ntšoang kamora kalafo. Foromo ena e loketse feela liphepheng tsa ho fafatsa ka boiketsetso, eseng bakeng sa li-spray booths.

6) Thepa e tloaelehileng ea kamore ea ho lekana

Bongata ba li-VOC bo batla bo phahame 'me bo ka lokolloa ka mor'a phekolo. Leha ho le joalo, ke lisebelisoa tse 5-10 feela tsa China tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa kalafo tsa VOCs, mme ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa kalafo nakong ea tlhahiso e tloaelehileng ha e tsejoe.

7) Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa kamore ea ho omisa pente

Bongata ba li-VOC bo batla bo phahame 'me bo ka lokolloa ka mor'a phekolo. Leha ho le joalo, ke lisebelisoa tse 5-10 feela tsa China tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa kalafo tsa VOCs, mme ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa kalafo nakong ea tlhahiso e tloaelehileng ha e tsejoe.

8) Sesebelisoa se tloaelehileng sa phekolo ea VOCs

Lisebelisoa tsa kalafo tsa VOC tse sebelisoang malapeng ke activated carbon adsorption, catalytic combustion, high temperature incineration (RTO, TNV), ho chesa mocheso o mahareng (katoloso ea mochini o futhumatsang oa kamore e omisang, joalo ka quaternary unit), le kalafo ea mahlaseli a VOCs (CIR). Acided carbon adsorption le catalytic combustion e na le matsete a tlase, litšenyehelo tse holimo tsa ts'ebeliso, le phello e mpe ea kalafo. Ka kakaretso li sebelisoa mehala e menyenyane ea tlhahiso 'me li na le tšebeliso e tlaase ea lisebelisoa. Ho chesoa ha mocheso o phahameng (RTO, TNV) ho na le matsete a holimo a pele, litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tšebeliso, le phello e phahameng ea kalafo. Ka kakaretso e sebelisoa mecheng ea lihlahisoa tse mahareng le tse kholo, 'me tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa e batla e phahame, haholo-holo mocheso oa litšila oa TNV o sebelisoa ka kamoreng ea ho omisa,' me tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa e phahame haholo.

2. Mathata a teng

1) Tsoelo-pele e sa leka-lekaneng ea theknoloji, liphahlo tsa tšireletso ea tikoloho, lits'ebetso tse ncha le lisebelisoa tse ncha li hloka ho ntlafatsoa.

Le hoja naha ea heso e fetohile naha e khōlō ka ho fetisisa e hlahisang lipente le ea bareki, ha e e-s’o be naha e matla ka ho fetisisa ea theknoloji ea ho penta le boenjineri ba ho penta. Boemo ba tekheniki ba mefuta ea pente e hlahisoang ke lik'hamphani tsa malapeng ha bo lekane, 'me boemo ba theknoloji ea boenjiniere ba ho penta malapeng ha bo lekane,' me ho ntse ho e-na le lipapiso. Lekhalo le leholo. Haholo-holo, litlolo tse sireletsang tikoloho, mahlale a macha a ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa mosi, le lisebelisoa tse ncha mafapheng a fapaneng li hloka ho ntlafatsoa ka potlako. Hobane China ha e na melaoana e tlamang ea ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa mocheso bakeng sa merero ea ho roala, lik'hamphani ha li na tjantjello ea ho fetola mehala e teng ea tlhahiso ea likhoele, mme ts'ebeliso ea likhoele tse ncha tse bolokang matla le tikoloho, lits'ebetso tse ncha le lisebelisoa tse ncha li ke ke tsa sebetsa. phahamisoa.

2) Likhoebo tse ngata, tse nyane, theknoloji e fokolang ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, le tlhokomeliso e mpe ea tikoloho

Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, hajoale ho na le lik'hamphani tse ka bang 8,000 tsa ho etsa pente naheng ea heso, tseo boholo ba tsona e leng likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng. Kaho e sa hlokahaleng ea boemo bo tlase e tebile haholo, matla a tlhahiso ke a mangata, lisebelisoa tsa batho li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng hantle, 'me ho na le litšila tse ngata. Bakeng sa liphahlo tsa maemo a holimo, tsa theknoloji e phahameng ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, matsete a thepa ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e nyane haholo, lik'hamphani tse ling li na le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho empa li sebelisoa ka seoelo. Ka hona, ho matlafatsa boits'oaro ba likhoebo, tataiso ea sebopeho, ho holisa sekala sa khoebo, ho tsepamisa lisebelisoa ho nts'etsapele liphaephe tse baballang tikoloho, le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho tse theko e tlaase ke lihlooho tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fihlela nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng.

3) Boemo bo laoloang ke lipente tse seng tsa tikoloho bo hloka ho ntlafatsoa

Lipenteng tsa naha ea heso, 50-60 ke lipente tse thehiloeng ho solvent. E ka etsa hore hoo e ka bang lithane tse limilione tse 3.5 tsa metsoako ea tlhaho e sa tsitsang (VOCs) e tšeloe sepakapakeng selemo se seng le se seng, 'me tšilafalo le litšila li tebile haholo. Lik'hamphaning tse sebelisang li-coatings tse thehiloeng ho solvent, hoo e ka bang 95 VOCs ka kamoreng ea spray e ntšoa ka ho toba sebakeng se phahameng se nang le khatello e tlaase le moea o moholo, li-VOC tse 90 ka kamoreng ea ho omisa le phaposi ea ho lokisoa li ntšoa ka ho toba sebakeng se phahameng se nang le khatello e phahameng le moea o monyenyane. bophahamo ba modumo, 'me ba bang kaofela ba na le lisebelisoa tsa kalafo tsa VOCs. Leha ho le joalo, thekenoloji ea lisebelisoa tsa phekolo ea VOCs ha e lekane, 'me kaha ha ho na tsamaiso ea nako e telele ea tlhokomelo, tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa phekolo ea VOC ha e phahame nakong ea tlhahiso e tloaelehileng.

4) Sistimi e khothalletsang nts'etsopele e phetseng hantle ea indasteri ea ho roala le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho tse ipapisitseng le litekanyetso le melaoana ha e so thehoe.

Hajoale, mokhoa oa naha oa heso oa maemo a ho sireletsa tikoloho, mokhoa oa ho ntša moea oa VOCs le litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa tse amanang le tsona li se li thehiloe qalong 'me li hloka ho ntlafatsoa. Ho salla morao ha maemo ho fokolitse tšebetso ea indasteri ea ho roala le thepa ea tšireletso ea tikoloho naheng ea heso ho ea ka maemo a machaba, 'me ho amme indasteri ea naha ea heso ea ho roala le thepa ea tšireletso ea tikoloho. Ntlafatso ea tlholisano ea machaba.

2. Litšobotsi tsa ho roala (ho fafatsa) mokhoa oa ho ntša khase:

(1) Hangata e tsamaea le palo e kholo ea likaroloana tsa moholi oa pente tse tlositsoeng ho feta tekano;

(2) Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea litlolo, metsoako e fapaneng e sebelisoang, le metsoako e rarahaneng ea lintho tse phelang (litlhapi tse entsoeng ka har'a liaparo li kenyelletsa: benzene, ethers, lipids, ketones, alcohols, alcohol ethers, hydrocarbons, joalo-joalo) e tsosolositsoe sepakapakeng, 'me tse ling tsa benzene, joala le lipids ke tsa lintho tse nang le lihlahisoa tse peli tse phahameng le tse phahameng);

(3) Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho fafatsa, phepelo ea moea e qobelloang le ts'ebetso ea ho tsoa e tlamehile, ka molumo o moholo oa moea oa ho tsoa le lintho tse fokolang tsa lintho tse phelang. Ka hona, ho phekoloa ha khase ea ho roala litšila ho thata, litšenyehelo tsa phekolo li phahame, 'me phello ea phekolo e fokola, e leng bothata bo boima ba ho phekola likhahla tsa VOC tsa indasteri naheng ea heso. Ho tse ling tsa liindasteri tsa bohlokoa tse amehang ho thekenoloji ea ho penta naheng ea heso, joalo ka tlhahiso le tlhokomelo ea makoloi, thepa ea ka tlung, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, mochini le lisebelisoa, indasteri ea liphaephe, kaho ea likepe, lijana, joalo-joalo, kalafo ea ho fafatsa khase ea mouoane e sa tsoa qala. e qalile lilemong tsa morao tjena. Karolo e nyenyane ea khase ea ho qeta e 'nile ea phekoloa,' me thepa ea phekolo e teng e na le ts'ebetso e tlaase ea ts'ebetso, maemo a fokolang a ts'ebetso le liphello tse mpe tsa ho fokotsa mocheso. Joalo ka ha naha ea rona e le naha e kholo ea tlhahiso, liindastering tse matla tsa tšilafalo tse nang le likhase tse ngata tsa VOC, joalo ka tlhahiso ea thepa ea ka tlung, lik'hontheinara, kaho ea likepe, likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, joalo-joalo, kaofela li nka karolo e ngata lefatšeng. Ka hona, nakong e tlang ea phokotso ea khase ea liindasteri tsa naha ea heso e tsitsitseng, ho phekoloa ha khase ea litšila ke eona ntho e tlang pele.

moralo oa nts'etsopele

Ka tokiso ea sebopeho le phetoho ea mokhoa oa nts'etsopele e le mokhoa oa mantlha, ho kenya ts'ebetsong leano la tokiso, phetoho, boqapi le ntlafatso, tlas'a tataiso ea maano a naha a amehang, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho lokiseng sebopeho sa theknoloji ea indasteri le sebopeho sa mokhatlo oa khoebo, ho matlafatsa boqapi bo ikemetseng le ho theha boikemelo. thekenoloji, litekanyetso le lihlahisoa, le ho eketsa Ho hlaolela le ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha ea liphahlo tse silafatsang tikoloho, ho khothalletsa tšebeliso ea theknoloji e ncha le lisebelisoa tse ncha, le ho potlakisa phetoho ea melapo e teng ea tlhahiso ea ho roala e seng ntle ho latela paballo ea matla le tšireletso ea tikoloho.

1) Ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse koahelang tikoloho

Ho roala ha metsi: Ts'ebetsong ea ho roala lihlahisoa tsa likoloi, litšenyehelo tsa ho roala li ka tlase ho 20% ea litšenyehelo tsohle tsa ho roala, 'me tse setseng tse 80 ke litšenyehelo tse sebelisoang nakong ea ho roala. Ka hona, ho fokotsa lintho tse nang le "volatile organic compound" (VOC) ka har'a ho roala, ho khutsufatsa mokhoa oa ho roala, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa mohala oa ho roala, ho hlophisa tlhahiso ka mokhoa o utloahalang, le ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa pele sa ho feta sa sehlahisoa, se ka fokotsang litšenyehelo tsa thepa eohle. koloi le ho boloka matla le tshireletso ya tikoloho. Liaparo tse sireletsang tikoloho: ho khothalletsa tšebeliso ea mekhoa e mecha e kang ea metsi, e se nang solvent (liaparo tsa phofo, liphahlo tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi) le phapang e tiileng haholo.

2) Khothaletsa ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji e ncha le lisebelisoa tse ncha

Ka mohlala, bakeng sa ho penta ha koloi eohle, mokhoa oa ho penta oa ho penta oa ho penta oa koloi eohle o khothalletsoa, ​​ka nako e ts'oanang, mokhoa oa ho sila oa bohareng o tlosoa, mohala oa tlhahiso ea pente o nolofalitsoe, tšilafalo ea tikoloho e fokotsehile, 'me phallo ea litšila e fokotsehile. Khothaletsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ho fafatsa ka boiketsetso ho fokotsa pente e feteletseng (fokotsa tšebeliso ea pente), ho amohela phepelo ea moea le lisebelisoa tsa ho ntša metsi le ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa tsa VOC. Khothaletsa lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle le tse bolokang matla a VOCs ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso.

3) Ho potlakisa phetoho ea melapo ea tlhahiso ea ho roala e teng 

 Bongata ba melapo ea tlhahiso ea ho roala e teng Chaena e batla e fokola ka theknoloji, lisebelisoa le theknoloji, 'me ha e na lisebelisoa tsa phekolo ea VOCs, e leng se bakang tšilafalo e ngata ea tikoloho. Melaoana e amehang ea naha e lebisitsoe ho sena. Phetoho le ntlafatso ea mela ea tlhahiso ke eona ntho e tlang pele ho fokotsa mesi ea VOC.

4) Ho potlakisa ho etsoa ha maano a naha a amehang, ho ba le melaoana e hlakileng ea phekolo le ho ntšoa ha VOC, le ho theha mokhoa oa nako e telele oa ho beha leihlo tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa kalafo tsa VOC.

Kopanya le sengoloa sena: Tlhahlobo ea boemo ba boemo ba lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso ea ho roala le merero ea ntlafatso ea nakong e tlang

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