1. Boemo le karolo ho indasteri ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa

Welding ke theknoloji ea tlhahiso e kopanyang thepa ka ho sa feleng 'me e fetoha mohaho o nang le mosebetsi o fanoeng. Hoo e ka bang lihlahisoa tsohle, ho tloha ho lithane tse makholo a likete tsa mabili a maholo ho ea ho likaroloana tsa microelectronic tse ka tlaase ho gram e le 'ngoe, li sebelisa theknoloji ea ho cheselletsa ho ea ka maemo a sa tšoaneng ha li etsoa. Welding e kenelletse likarolong tsohle tsa indasteri ea tlhahiso, e ama ka ho toba boleng, botšepehi le bophelo ba lihlahisoa, hammoho le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, katleho le lebelo la ho arabela marakeng.

Tlhahiso ea tšepe ea Chaena ka 2005 e fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 349, e e-ba moetsi oa tšepe le bareki ba kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me palo ea tšepe e sebelisoang meahong e cheselitsoeng e boetse e feta lithane tse limilione tse 130, tse lekanang le tlhahiso ea tšepe ea United States ka selemo se le seng. e e-s’o ka e e-ba teng lefatšeng. Moetsi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa mehaho ea tšepe e cheselitsoeng.

Ho latela merero ea bohlokoa e phethiloeng Chaena ka 2005, theknoloji ea ho tjheseletsa e phethile karolo ea bohlokoa. Mohlala, thepa ea ho fehla matla a metsi ea Morero oa Three Gorges ke sistimi e kholo ea ho cheselletsa, ho kenyeletsoa lipeipi tsa metsi, li-volute, limathi, tse kholo. thekos, litsi tsa jenereithara joalo-joalo Semathi se cheselitsoe ke moqhaka o ka holimo, selikalikoe se ka tlase le mahare a 10.7 kapa a 5. Ho tjheseletsa ha semathi se seng le se seng ho hloka terata e tjheseletsang ditone tse 4, e nkang nako e fetang dikgwedi tse nne. Ho thakholoa ka katleho le ho hlaphoheloa ha sefofa-sebakeng sa Shenzhou-440 ho tšoaile tsoelo-pele e kholo indastering ea lifofo tsa China. The return capsule le orbital module moo bo-astronote ba babeli ba ileng ba falla kaofela e ne e le mehaho e cheselitsoeng ea motsoako oa aluminium, 'me taolo ea ho thibela moea le ho senyeha ha manonyeletso a marang-rang e ne e le ea bohlokoa Senotlolo sa ho etsa litšepe. Qetellong ea 13, mochine oa pele oa hydrogenation oa mochine oa pele oa China o entsoeng ke Sehlopha sa First Heavy Machinery bakeng sa Shenhua Company, se nang le bophara ba 15 m12, bolelele ba 4 m², botenya ba 6 mm. boima ba lithane tse 2005, ke kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng kajeno. , E boima ka ho fetisisa betloa-Welding structure hydrogenation reactor, e amohela thekenoloji ea ho tjheseletsa ka terata e iketsang habeli e kenelletseng ka tlas'a metsi e nang le litokelo tse ikemetseng tsa thepa ea mahlale naheng ea China, 'me girth e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e hloka ho ts'oaroa khafetsa ka matsatsi a 5. Pipeline ea Khase ea Bophirimela-Bochabela e bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 4,000. Ke lipeipi tsa pele tsa China tse matla a holimo (X70) tse bolelele bo boholo. Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse spiral le lipeipi tsa tšepe tsa longitudinal seam tse sebelisoang kaofela ke liphaephe tse cheselitsoeng ka mokhoa oa ho cheselletsa poleiti. Ka 2005, kakaretso ea lithane tsa kaho ea likepe ea naha ea heso e fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 12.12, e leng karolo ea 17% ea kakaretso ea kaho ea likepe lefatšeng. E boemong ba boraro lefatšeng ka mor'a Japane le Korea Boroa, 'me e habile boemong ba lefats'e ka tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse limilione tse 25. Sekepe se seholo se entsoeng ka har'a naha sa lithane tse 300,000, sekepe se secha sa mofuta oa 5668 TEU, se tsamaisang lithane tse 150,000, le sekepe sa 170 se tsejoang e le "China's First Shield" se seng se hohetse tlhokomelo ea lefats'e ke motlotlo oa indasteri ea kaho ea likepe ea China. Ke sebopeho se tloaelehileng sa boto-welded. Ho feta moo, Shanghai Zhonglupu Bridge ke borokho ba tšepe bo bolelele ka ho fetesisa bo bolelele ka ho fetesisa; dome ea ellipsoidal ea Setsi sa Naha sa Bonono ba Bonono ke sebaka sa tšepe se boima ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng; mohaho oa tšepe oa nonyana oa lebala le leholo la lipapali la Liolimpiki le ntseng le hahuoa le boima ba lithane tse fetang 40,000 , E boetse e molemo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Mehaho ena e meholohali ke e kholo ka ho fetisisa, e boima ka ho fetisisa, e telele ka ho fetisisa, e telele ka ho fetisisa, e teteaneng, le e ncha ka ho fetisisa le lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa tse entsoeng Chaena. Ho ka bonoa hore welding e na le boemo le karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ho nts'etsopele ea moruo oa naha le kaho ea tšireletso ea naha.

E ka bonoa ho tsoa mererong ea lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa naha tse 20 "Leano la Lilemo tse Mehlano" hore yuniti ea matla a nyutlelie ea li-kilowatt tse milione, lijenereithara tsa matla a mocheso a phahameng haholo, matla a phahameng a matla a phahameng a matla a matla a metsi. diyuniti, 'me boholo ba pumped polokelo Units, disete feletseng tsa thepa botekgeniki bakeng sa 30-600,000-watt circulating fluidized bethe (CFB) boilers, boholo-holo megaton-sehlopha sa ethylene limela, mega-tonne boholo-holo terephthalic acid limela, kholo-. merafo ea mashala ho ea ho khase e lekanyang, le merafo e meholo ea mashala Har'a thekenoloji e kopanetsoeng ea merafo le lisebelisoa, tlhahiso ea ho cheselletsa ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso.

2. Tlhahlobo ea bokhoni bo ikemetseng ba boiqapelo ba indasteri

2.1 Boemo ba maemo a theknoloji ea indasteri

Ho tloha ha ho thehoa New China, haholo-holo lilemong tse 25 tsa liphetoho le ho bula, Chaena e entse lipatlisiso ka boithaopo, e ntlafalitse le ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho tjheseletsa, mahlale le lisebelisoa. Hona joale, mekhoa le lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa tse hōlileng tsebong tse 'nileng tsa sebelisoa tlhahiso lefatšeng li boetse li sebelisoa Chaena, empa botebo le bophara ba kopo li fapane. Likhamphani tsa tlhahiso tsa China li se li ntse li sebelisa mahlale a kang electron beam welding, laser welding, laser brazing le ho khaola laser, laser le arc e kopantsoeng le mohloli oa mocheso oa mocheso, terata e le 'ngoe kapa terata e tšesaane-lekhalo le ka tlas'a metsi arc welding, 4-wire high-speed submerged arc welding, le dual-wire pulsed welding. Welding e sirelelitsoeng ka khase, welding ea plasma arc, seha se setle sa plasma arc, seha sa jete sa metsi, sistimi ea ho itšeha ea CNC, sistimi ea welding ea liroboto, mohala oa tlhahiso o feto-fetohang (W-FMS), phepelo e fapaneng ea polarity welding, phepelo ea matla a phepelo ea phepelo ea matla (STT) le phepelo e feletseng ea Digital tjheseletsa matla, joalo-joalo Esita le thekenoloji ea tšubuhlellano ea tšubuhlellano ea tšubuhlellano, eo hajoale e tsebahalang haholo lefatšeng, e sebelisitsoe tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa. Boemo ba theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea li-welding naheng ea Chaena bo ntlafalitsoe haholo, empa ho teba ha mathata a teng ho ke ke ha hlokomolohuoa.

2.2 Boemo ba popontshwa ya thekenoloji ya kantle ho naha

Linaha tse tsoetseng pele lefats'eng li nka bohlokoa bo boholo ho nts'etsopele le boqapi ba theknoloji ea welding. Litsebi tsa Amerika le Majeremane li buisana ka karolo le tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea ho cheseletsa lekholong la bo21 la lilemo. Ho ile ha lumellanoa hore:

1. Welding (ka 2020) e ntse e tla ba theknoloji ea bohlokoa ea ho sebetsa indastering ea tlhahiso. Ke mokhoa o nepahetseng, o ka tšeptjoang, oa theko e tlaase, le oa theknoloji e phahameng oa ho kopanya thepa. Hona joale, ha ho na mokhoa o mong o ka sebelisoang ka ho pharaletseng ho hokahanya litšepe ho feta ho tjheseletsa le ho eketsa boleng bo eketsehileng ho lihlahisoa tse cheselitsoeng.

2. Theknoloji ea welding (ho kenyeletsoa ho kopanya, ho itšeha, ho roala) hona joale le nakong e tlang ke mokhoa o khethiloeng oa ho sebetsa oo ho ka etsahalang hore o atlehe ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng hore e be lihlahisoa tse ka rekisoang.

3. Welding ha e sa le "call-to-call process", butle-butle e tla kenngoa ts'ebetsong eohle ea bophelo ba sehlahisoa, ho tloha ho moralo, nts'etsopele, tlhahiso ho ea ho tlhokomelo le ho tsosolosa.

4. Welding e tla nkoa e le mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho ntlafatsa litšenyehelo, boleng le botšepehi ba nako ea bophelo ba sehlahisoa, hape e tla kenya letsoho ho ntlafatsa tlhōlisano ea 'maraka oa sehlahisoa.

2.3 Mathata le likheo tsa bokhoni bo ikemetseng ba boithuto ba boithuto ba lapeng

2.3.1 Bothata

Ha ho bapisoa le linaheng tse ling, ka kakaretso, boemo ba mechine le automation ea tlhahiso ea tjheseletsa malapeng e tlaase, 'me boemo ba theknoloji tjheseletsa, thepa tjheseletsa, le thepa tjheseletsa hore lik'hamphani tse ngata li hloka, ea China,' me e leng "khōlō le ka bophara. e sebelisitsoeng" Ha e bapisoa le theknoloji ea welding e tsoetseng pele, e salletse morao ho linaha tsa kantle. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa likhoebo tsa bohlokoa ka holimo ho boemo bo bohareng indastering ea likoloi, kaho ea likepe, likoloi tsa terene, li-boilers tsa seteishene sa motlakase, lisebelisoa tsa ho fehla motlakase, mechini e boima, mechini ea kaho, lijana, joalo-joalo, ba kentse lisebelisoa tse ling tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho tjheseletsa kantle ho mahlale a mangata. liphetoho ho tloha ho ntlafatso le ho bula. , Lisebelisoa le lits'ebetso, le boemo ba theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea welding e ntlafalitsoe haholo. Ha e le hantle e ka fihla boemong bo haufi le ba likhoebo tse tšoanang tsa kantle ho naha. E ka hlahisa lisebelisoa le lihlahisoa tse hlokoang ke moruo oa naha le kaho ea tšireletso ea naha. Ke ts'ebeliso le ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji e tsoetseng pele feela. Palo le boemo bo tsoetseng pele ba theknoloji bo fapane le ba lik'hamphani tsa kantle ho naha. Leha ho le joalo, ho tlameha ho hlokomeloe hore ho ntse ho e-na le khaello ea lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa tse tsoetseng pele, lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa tse phahameng le theknoloji e sebetsang hantle ea ho tjheseletsa e nang le lihlahisoa tse ikemetseng Chaena. Hajoale, boholo ba lisebelisoa tsena tse tsoetseng pele tsa tjheseletsa le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ke likhoebo li itšetlehile ka thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Theknoloji e khanyang ea bokaholimo le sekoti ea tlhahiso ea li-welding tsa malapeng ke bofokoli bo tebileng ba leano.

Ho na le mabaka a mangata a hore na ke hobane'ng ha bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea li-welding lapeng bo se holimo:

(1) Ho tloha boemong ba naha, mafapha a amehang a ’muso a haelloa ke kutloisiso e felletseng le e nepahetseng ea boemo le bohlokoa ba thekenoloji ea ho cheselletsa litšepe ntlafatsong ea moruo oa naha le kaho ea tšireletso ea naha; khaello ea leano la ntshetsopele ya thekenoloji tjheseletsa karabelo ntshetsopeleng ya moruo le ditlhoko tsa mebaraka tlholisano Tataiso; ho lelekisa tekhenoloji e phahameng le e tsoetseng pele haholo, ha re ntse re iphapanyetsa boqapi ba theknoloji ea mantlha ea tjheseletsa.

(2) Ho ea ka pono ea litsi tsa thuto e phahameng, pele ho 1998, litsi tsa thuto e phahameng tse fetang 50 Chaena li ne li thehile litsebi tsa ho cheselletsa litšepe, ’me selemo se seng le se seng li ne li koetlisa batho ba likete-kete ba tsoang sekolong sa ho cheselletsa litšepe bakeng sa naha. Ka mor'a ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha thuto e akaretsang, Lekala la Thuto le ile la amohela feela Harbin Institute of Technology e le 'ngoe ho boloka setsi se ikemetseng sa tjheseletsa, le ho hlaolela likhau tsa bachelor tse 70 ho isa ho tse 80, le li-masters le lingaka tse ka bang 70 selemo se seng le se seng. Likarolo tsa ho ruta le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa li-welding tsa liunivesithi tse ling hangata li reha litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa welding. Tlas'a motheo oa thuto e akaretsang, baithuti ba bang ba mafapheng a thepa kapa a mechini ba khetha lithuto tsa ho cheselletsa litšepe, empa lithuto tsa profeshenale tse amanang le ho cheseletsa li fokotsehile ka nako e fetang halofo ea lihora tsa pele tsa thuto. Ka lebaka la khaello ea thuto e tsoelang pele le litsamaiso tsa koetliso tsa profeshenale naheng ea China, baithuti bana ba tsoang univesithing ba hloka nako e telele ea koetliso mosebetsing hore ba kenele boqapi le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea welding.

Hona joale, lik'holejeng tsa malapeng le liunivesithing, haholo-holo liunivesithi tse tsebahalang, li na le matla a matla a ho qapa. Ba ikakhetse ka setotsoana mafapheng a lipatlisiso tsa theknoloji ea welding, 'me ba sekametse haholo taolong ea boiketsetso, liroboto, papiso ea lipalo, welding (khokahanyo) ea thepa e ncha le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Likarolo tsa theknoloji e phahameng joalo ka beam welding le laser welding. Hoa hlokahala ho ithuta mekhoa ena ea theknoloji e phahameng le e tsoetseng pele, e ka finyellang litlhoko tsa masimo a khethehileng 'me ho batla ho le bonolo ho fumana chelete ho tsoa mafapheng a mmuso. Leha ho le joalo, bophara ba tšebeliso ea theknoloji ena bo batla bo fokola, 'me phello ea tsoelo-pele ea moruo oa naha e batla e fokola. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le liunivesithi tse seng kae feela tse tsitlallelang ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa "tloaelehileng" thepa tjheseletsa, theknoloji tjheseletsa le popontshwa matla tjheseletsa. Ka mohlala, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea eleketrode ea ho cheselletsa e entsoeng ka letsoho ea Chaena e feta lithane tse limilione tse 1.5, e leng eona e hlahisang lielektrode tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ena e lokela ho ba ntlha e matla ea China. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la khaello ea nako e telele ea lipatlisiso tse tebileng tsa thuto ea motheo, boleng le boemo ba thekenoloji ba li-electrode tsa welding tsa China li saletse morao linaheng tse ling ka nako e telele. , 'Me tsoelo-pele e lieha. Patlisiso e mabapi le mochini oa welding oa motlakase le fisiks ea arc e batla e felile.

(3) Ho ea ka pono ea litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa tjheseletsa, Chaena e thehile litsi tse khethehileng tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka tjheseletsa-Harbin Welding Research Institute le Chengdu Electric Welding Machine Research Institute ke Lekala la Indasteri ea Mechini lilemong tsa bo-1950. Mafapha a mang a indasteri le ona a thehile litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa tjheseletsa tse tsamaellanang, empa boholo ba tsona li fumaneha litsing tsa lipatlisiso ka mokhoa oa likarohano le liofisi, joalo ka kamore ea ho tjheseletsa ea Central Iron le Steel Research Institute, kamore ea ho tjheseletsa ea Setsi. Metallurgical Construction, le Institute of Ship Technology. Kamore ea ho cheselletsa, kamore ea ho cheselletsa ea Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering Research Institute, joalo-joalo Harbin Welding Research Institute ke eona feela setsi sa lipatlisiso se felletseng sa thekenoloji ea ho tjheseletsa naheng ea China. Makala a eona a lipatlisiso a kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa ho cheselletsa, ho cheseha ha thepa, theknoloji ea ho tjheseletsa, lisebelisoa tsa ho cheselletsa, liteko tse sa senyeheng, joalo-joalo; libaka tsa lipakeng tsa litšebeletso tsa indasteri li kenyelletsa Bongoli ba Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Welding le Bongoli ba Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Welding, Mongoli oa National Welding Standardization Technical Committee, National Welding Material Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Welding Magazine, joalo-joalo Lilemong tse 50 tse fetileng, litsi tsena tsa lipatlisiso li na le e entse tlatsetso ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea moruo oa China le kaho ea ts'ireletso ea naha. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ba boetse ba thehile metheo ea lipatlisiso tsa liteko tse nang le lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse batlang li tsoetse pele, 'me ba hlaoletse sehlopha sa lithuto tse fapaneng le boiphihlelo bo bongata. , Sehlopha sa saense le thekenoloji se tloaelaneng le tlhahiso se thehile sepakapaka se setle sa lipatlisiso tsa saense. Ka nts'etsopele ea lintlafatso, makala a mang a indasteri a felisitsoe, 'me litsi tsa lipatlisiso tse fetang 200 li fetotsoe ho ba likhoebo tse thehiloeng ho theknoloji. Leha ho le joalo, naha e beha litsi tsee tsa lipatlisiso joang ka leano, 'me li lokela ho bapala karolo efe lipatlisisong tsa mahlale le boqapi ba litsi tsee tse fetotsoeng tsa lipatlisiso? , Ha e hlaka.

(4) Ho tloha boemong ba khoebo, Seboka sa Naha sa Saense le Theknoloji sa 2006 se ile sa bontša ka ho hlaka hore likhoebo li lokela ho phetha karolo e kholo ho ntlafatso ea theknoloji. "Sehlooho" ha se bolele ho e etsa u le mong kapa ho qala qalong. 'Muso o lokela ho khothaletsa likhoebo ho etella pele ka mafolofolo, ho hlahisa lihlooho tse hlokang ho etsoa lipatlisiso le ho rarolloa esale pele, le ho tsitlallela ho kopanelo ea tlhaho ea tlhahiso, thuto le lipatlisiso ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa pele; Mmuso o sisinya hore dikgwebo di bapale karolo e hlahelletseng ke tlhokahalo e batlang e nka nako e telele, mme ha se dikgwebo tsohle tse ka e etsang hanghang. Hajoale, boholo ba bokhoni ba R&D ba likhoebo bo batla bo fokola, 'me ha bo khonehe ebile ha boa lokela ho ba bo felletseng. Likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa li ikakhetse ka setotsoana boiqapelong ba lihlahisoa le boqapi ba taolo, 'me nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea ts'ebetso e ts'oanang e tlameha ho itšetleha haholo ka lipatlisiso tsa sechaba le matla a nts'etsopele - liunivesithi, litsi tsa lipatlisiso le likhoebo tse amanang le tsona. Ka nako ea ho tloha 2002 ho 2003, morero oa lipuisano oa Academy of Engineering o ile oa etsa tlhahlobo ea likhoebo tse mahareng tse 115 ho isa ho tse kholo haholo. Har'a litsebi tsa ho cheselletsa litšepe tse 2,012, ke a le mong feela ea nang le lengolo la bongaka, athe karolo e ka tlase ho 2% e na le lengolo la masters. Litheknishiene lits'ebetsong tse ling tsa khoebo li kanna tsa se be betere haholo. Sephetho sena se hlile se bonts'a khaello ea bokhoni ba ntlafatso ea tšebetso lik'hamphaning tsa hajoale tsa tlhahiso.

Kopanya le sengoloa sena: Boemo ba nts'etsopele le leano le ikemetseng la ntlafatso ea indasteri ea welding

Phatlalatso ea Khatiso: Haeba ho se na litaelo tse khethehileng, lingoliloeng tsohle tse sebakeng sena ke tsa mantlha. Ka kopo, bontša mohloli oa khatiso hape: https://www.cncmachiningptj.com

PTJ® ke moetsi ea ikhethileng ea fanang ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mekoallo ea koporo, likarolo tsa koporo 'me likarolo tsa koporo. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso e kenyelletsa ho koala, ho khabisa, ho etsa koporo, terata edm litšebeletso, ho phunya, ho etsa le ho kobeha, ho ferekanya, ho chesa le ho hatella, ho phunyeletsa le ho otla, ho roala khoele le ho kokota, ho kuta, machining a mangata a spindle, extrusion le tšepe e betlang 'me stamp. Likopo li kenyelletsa mekoallo ea libese, li-conductors tsa motlakase, likhoele tsa coaxial, waveguides, likaroloana tsa transistor, li-tubes tsa microwave, li-tubes tsa hlobo tse se nang letho, le metallurgy ea phofo litanka tsa extrusion.

Re bolelle hanyane ka tekanyetso ea projeke ea hau le nako e lebelletsoeng ea ho fihla. Re tla rera leano la ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse baballang litšenyehelo ho u thusa ho fihlela sepheo sa hau, O amohelehile ho ikopanya le rona ka kotloloho ( sales@pintejin.com ).